Bir Cynthia, Andrecovich Chris, DeMaio Marlene, Dougherty Paul J
University of Southern California, 1333 San Pablo St., Room 116, Los Angeles, CA 90033, United States.
Wayne State University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Detroit, MI, United States.
Forensic Sci Int. 2016 Apr;261:1-7. doi: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2016.01.023. Epub 2016 Jan 29.
The mechanism of injury for fractures to long bones has been studied for both direct ballistic loading as well as indirect. However, the majority of these studies have been conducted on both post-mortem human subjects (PMHS) and animal surrogates which have constraints in terms of storage, preparation and testing. The identification of a validated bone surrogate for use in forensic, medical and engineering testing would provide the ability to investigate ballistic loading without these constraints. Two specific bone surrogates, Sawbones and Synbone, were evaluated in comparison to PMHS for both direct and indirect ballistic loading. For the direct loading, the mean velocity to produce fracture was 121 ± 19 m/s for the PMHS, which was statistically different from the Sawbones (140 ± 7 m/s) and Synbone (146 ± 3 m/s). The average distance to fracture in the indirect loading was .70 cm for the PMHS. The Synbone had a statistically similar average distance to fracture (.61 cm, p=0.54) however the Sawbones average distance to fracture was statistically different (.41 cm, p<0.05). Fractures patterns were found to be comparable to the PMHS for tests conducted with Synbones, however the input parameters were slightly varied to produce similar results. The fractures patterns with the Sawbones were not found to be as comparable to the PMHS. An ideal bone surrogate for ballistic testing was not identified and future work is warranted.
对于长骨骨折的损伤机制，已经针对直接弹道载荷以及间接载荷进行了研究。然而，这些研究大多是在尸体人类受试者（PMHS）和动物替代物上进行的，在储存、制备和测试方面存在限制。确定一种经过验证的用于法医、医学和工程测试的骨替代物，将能够在没有这些限制的情况下研究弹道载荷。将两种特定的骨替代物Sawbones和Synbone与PMHS进行比较，以评估直接和间接弹道载荷情况。对于直接载荷，PMHS产生骨折的平均速度为121±19米/秒，这与Sawbones（140±7米/秒）和Synbone（146±3米/秒）在统计学上存在差异。在间接载荷中，PMHS骨折的平均距离为0.70厘米。Synbone的骨折平均距离在统计学上与之相似（0.61厘米，p = 0.54），然而Sawbones的骨折平均距离在统计学上存在差异（0.41厘米，p < 0.05）。发现使用Synbones进行测试时骨折模式与PMHS相当，不过输入参数略有不同以产生相似结果。未发现Sawbones的骨折模式与PMHS具有同样的可比性。未确定用于弹道测试的理想骨替代物，未来仍需开展相关工作。
