Bourassa Megan W, Alim Ishraq, Bultman Scott J, Ratan Rajiv R
Sperling Center for Hemorrhagic Stroke Recovery, Burke Medical Research Institute, 785 Mamaroneck Ave, White Plains, NY 10605, USA; Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, 1300 York Ave. Box 65, New York, NY 10065, USA.
Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina Genetic Medicine Building, Room 5060, 120 Mason Farm Road, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
Neurosci Lett. 2016 Jun 20;625:56-63. doi: 10.1016/j.neulet.2016.02.009. Epub 2016 Feb 8.
As interest in the gut microbiome has grown in recent years, attention has turned to the impact of our diet on our brain. The benefits of a high fiber diet in the colon have been well documented in epidemiological studies, but its potential impact on the brain has largely been understudied. Here, we will review evidence that butyrate, a short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) produced by bacterial fermentation of fiber in the colon, can improve brain health. Butyrate has been extensively studied as a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor but also functions as a ligand for a subset of G protein-coupled receptors and as an energy metabolite. These diverse modes of action make it well suited for solving the wide array of imbalances frequently encountered in neurological disorders. In this review, we will integrate evidence from the disparate fields of gastroenterology and neuroscience to hypothesize that the metabolism of a high fiber diet in the gut can alter gene expression in the brain to prevent neurodegeneration and promote regeneration.
近年来，随着人们对肠道微生物群的兴趣日益浓厚，注意力已转向我们的饮食对大脑的影响。高纤维饮食对结肠的益处已在流行病学研究中得到充分证明，但其对大脑的潜在影响在很大程度上仍未得到充分研究。在此，我们将综述证据表明，丁酸盐（一种由结肠中纤维的细菌发酵产生的短链脂肪酸）可改善大脑健康。丁酸盐作为组蛋白脱乙酰酶（HDAC）抑制剂已得到广泛研究，但它还作为G蛋白偶联受体子集的配体以及能量代谢物发挥作用。这些多样的作用方式使其非常适合解决神经疾病中经常遇到的各种失衡问题。在本综述中，我们将整合胃肠病学和神经科学等不同领域的证据，以推测肠道中高纤维饮食的代谢可改变大脑中的基因表达，从而预防神经退行性变并促进再生。
