Taylor Jonathan M, Macpherson Tom W, McLaren Shaun J, Spears Iain, Weston Matthew
Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2016 Nov;11(8):998-1004. doi: 10.1123/ijspp.2015-0608. Epub 2016 Aug 24.
To compare the effects of 2 repeated-sprint training programs on fitness in soccer.
Fifteen semiprofessional soccer players (age: 24 ± 4 y; body mass: 77 ± 8 kg) completed 6 repeated-sprint training sessions over a 2-week period. Players were assigned to a straight-line (STR) (n = 8; 3-4 sets of 7 × 30 m) or change of direction (CoD) (n = 7; 3-4 sets of 7 × 20-m) repeated-sprint training group. Performance measures included 5-, 10-, and 20-m sprints, countermovement jump, Illinois agility, and Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test level 1 (YYIRTL1) performance. Internal (heart rate) and external (global positioning system-derived measures) training loads were monitored throughout. Data were analyzed using magnitude-based inferences.
Internal and external loads were higher in the STR group than in the CoD group with large differences in maximum velocity (28.7%; ±90% confidence limits, 3.3%), moderate differences in mean heart rates (7.0%; ±1.4%) and PlayerLoad (17.6%; ±8.6%), and small differences in peak heart rates (3.0%; ±1.6%). Large improvements in 5-m (STR: 9.6%; ±7.0% and CoD: 9.4%; ±3.3%), 10-m (STR: 6.6%; ±4.6% and CoD: 6.7%; ±2.2%), and 20-m (STR: 3.6; ±4.0% and CoD: 4.0; ±1.7%) sprints were observed. Large and moderate improvements in YYIRTL1 performance were observed in the STR (24.0%; ±9.3%) and CoD (31.0%; ±7.5%), respectively. Between-groups differences in outcome measures were unclear.
Two weeks of repeated-sprint training stimulates improvements in acceleration, speed, and high-intensity running performance in soccer players. Despite STR inducing higher internal and external training loads, training adaptations were unclear between training modes, indicating a need for further research.
比较两种重复冲刺训练方案对足球运动员体能的影响。
15名半职业足球运动员（年龄：24±4岁；体重：77±8千克）在两周内完成6次重复冲刺训练课程。运动员被分配到直线（STR）组（n = 8；3 - 4组，每组7次30米冲刺）或变向（CoD）组（n = 7；3 - 4组，每组7次20米冲刺）进行重复冲刺训练。表现指标包括5米、10米和20米短跑、纵跳、伊利诺伊敏捷性测试以及Yo-Yo间歇恢复测试1级（YYIRTL1）成绩。全程监测内部（心率）和外部（基于全球定位系统的测量指标）训练负荷。使用基于量级的推断方法对数据进行分析。
STR组的内部和外部负荷高于CoD组，最大速度差异较大（28.7%；±90%置信区间，3.3%），平均心率差异中等（7.0%；±1.4%），球员负荷差异中等（17.6%；±8.6%），峰值心率差异较小（3.0%；±1.6%）。5米（STR组：9.6%；±7.0%，CoD组：9.4%；±3.3%）、10米（STR组：6.6%；±4.6%，CoD组：6.7%；±2.2%）和20米（STR组：3.6；±4.0%，CoD组：4.0；±1.7%）短跑成绩有大幅提高。STR组（24.0%；±9.3%）和CoD组（31.0%；±7.5%）的YYIRTL1成绩分别有大幅和中等程度的提高。两组间结果指标的差异不明确。
两周的重复冲刺训练可促进足球运动员加速、速度和高强度跑步表现的提升。尽管STR组产生了更高的内部和外部训练负荷，但训练模式之间的适应性差异不明确，表明需要进一步研究。
