Jafari Anarkooli A, Hadji Hosseinlou M
Civil Engineering Department, K.N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
J Safety Res. 2016 Feb;56:57-65. doi: 10.1016/j.jsr.2015.12.003. Epub 2015 Dec 23.
Many studies have examined different factors contributing to the injury severity of crashes; however, relatively few studies have focused on the crashes by considering the specific effects of lighting conditions. This research investigates lighting condition differences in the injury severity of crashes using 3-year (2009-2011) crash data of two-lane rural roads of the state of Washington.
Separate ordered-probit models were developed to predict the effects of a set of factors expected to influence injury severity in three lighting conditions; daylight, dark, and dark with street lights. A series of likelihood ratio tests were conducted to determine if these lighting condition models were justified.
The modeling results suggest that injury severity in specific lighting conditions are associated with contributing factors in different ways, and that such differences cannot be uncovered by focusing merely on one aggregate model. Key differences include crash location, speed limit, shoulder width, driver action, and three collision types (head-on, rear-end, and right-side impact collisions).
This paper highlights the importance of deploying street lights at and near intersections (or access points) on two-lane rural roads because injury severity highly increases when crashes occur at these points in dark conditions.
许多研究探讨了导致撞车事故伤害严重程度的不同因素；然而，相对较少的研究通过考虑照明条件的具体影响来关注撞车事故。本研究利用华盛顿州双车道乡村道路的3年（2009 - 2011年）撞车数据，调查了撞车事故伤害严重程度方面的照明条件差异。
开发了单独的有序概率模型，以预测在三种照明条件下（白天、黑暗以及有路灯的黑暗环境）一组预期会影响伤害严重程度的因素的影响。进行了一系列似然比检验，以确定这些照明条件模型是否合理。
建模结果表明，特定照明条件下的伤害严重程度与各种影响因素之间存在不同的关联方式，而且仅仅关注一个综合模型无法发现这些差异。关键差异包括撞车位置、限速、路肩宽度、驾驶员行为以及三种碰撞类型（正面碰撞、追尾碰撞和右侧碰撞）。
本文强调了在双车道乡村道路的交叉路口（或接入点）及其附近设置路灯的重要性，因为在黑暗条件下于这些地点发生撞车事故时，伤害严重程度会大幅增加。
