Alqahtani Amani S, Wiley Kerrie E, Tashani Mohamed, Willaby Harold W, Heywood Anita E, BinDhim Nasser F, Booy Robert, Rashid Harunor
National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance of Vaccine Preventable Diseases (NCIRS), The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Cnr Hawkesbury Road and Hainsworth Street, Westmead, Locked Bag 4001, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia; School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance of Vaccine Preventable Diseases (NCIRS), The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Cnr Hawkesbury Road and Hainsworth Street, Westmead, Locked Bag 4001, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia; School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Int J Infect Dis. 2016 Jun;47:53-9. doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2016.02.005. Epub 2016 Feb 10.
For reasons that have yet to be elucidated, the uptake of preventive measures against infectious diseases by Hajj pilgrims is variable. The aim of this study was to identify the preventive advice and interventions received by Australian pilgrims before Hajj, and the barriers to and facilitators of their use during Hajj.
Two cross-sectional surveys of Australians pilgrims aged ≥18 years were undertaken, one before and one after the Hajj 2014.
Of 356 pilgrims who completed the survey (response rate 94%), 80% had the influenza vaccine, 30% the pneumococcal vaccine, and 30% the pertussis vaccine. Concern about contracting disease at Hajj was the most cited reason for vaccination (73.4%), and not being aware of vaccine availability was the main reason for non-receipt (56%). Those who obtained pre-travel advice were twice as likely to be vaccinated as those who did not seek advice. Of 150 pilgrims surveyed upon return, 94% reported practicing hand hygiene during Hajj, citing ease of use (67%) and belief in its effectiveness (62.4%) as the main reasons for compliance; university education was a significant predictor of hand hygiene adherence. Fifty-three percent used facemasks, with breathing discomfort (76%) and a feeling of suffocation (40%) being the main obstacles to compliance.
This study indicates that there are significant opportunities to improve awareness among Australian Hajj pilgrims about the importance of using preventive health measures.
由于尚未阐明的原因，朝觐朝圣者对传染病预防措施的接受程度各不相同。本研究的目的是确定澳大利亚朝圣者在朝觐前接受的预防性建议和干预措施，以及他们在朝觐期间使用这些措施的障碍和促进因素。
对年龄≥18岁的澳大利亚朝圣者进行了两项横断面调查，一项在2014年朝觐之前，另一项在朝觐之后。
在完成调查的356名朝圣者中（回复率94%），80%接种了流感疫苗，30%接种了肺炎球菌疫苗，30%接种了百日咳疫苗。担心在朝觐时感染疾病是接种疫苗最常被提及的原因（73.4%），而不知道有疫苗可用是未接种的主要原因（56%）。获得旅行前建议的人接种疫苗的可能性是未寻求建议者的两倍。在返回后接受调查的150名朝圣者中，94%报告在朝觐期间进行了手部卫生，将使用方便（67%）和相信其有效性（62.4%）作为遵守的主要原因；大学教育是手部卫生遵守情况的一个重要预测因素。53%的人使用了口罩，呼吸不适（76%）和窒息感（40%）是遵守的主要障碍。
本研究表明，有很大机会提高澳大利亚朝觐朝圣者对使用预防性健康措施重要性的认识。
