沙特朝觐者中的流感疫苗接种：揭示接种率和疫苗接种障碍。
Influenza vaccination among Saudi Hajj pilgrims: Revealing the uptake and vaccination barriers.
机构信息
National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance of Vaccine Preventable Diseases, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, and The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Family and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine in Rabigh, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance of Vaccine Preventable Diseases, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, and The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia; The Executive Administration of Research and Innovation at King Abdullah Medical City in Holy Capital (KAMC-HC), Makkah, Saudi Arabia.
出版信息
Vaccine. 2018 Apr 12;36(16):2112-2118. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.03.007. Epub 2018 Mar 16.
BACKGROUND
Hajj is the world's largest annual mass gathering that attracts two to three million Muslims from around the globe to a religious assemblage in Makkah, Saudi Arabia. The risk of acquisition and transmission of influenza among Hajj pilgrims is high. Therefore, influenza vaccination is recommended, and was monitored frequently among pilgrims from different countries. However, the vaccination uptake among Saudi pilgrims has not been assessed in recent years.
OBJECTIVE
This analysis aims to evaluate influenza vaccine uptake among Saudi Hajj pilgrims, and identify the key barriers to vaccination.
METHOD
Data on influenza vaccination were obtained from Saudi pilgrims who took part in a large trial during the Hajj of 2013, 2014 and 2015. Pilgrims were met and recruited in Mina, Makkah during the peak period of Hajj and were asked to complete a baseline questionnaire that recorded their influenza vaccination history, including reason(s) for non-receipt of vaccine.
RESULTS
A total of 6974 Saudi pilgrims aged between 18 and 95 (median 34) years were recruited; male to female ratio was 1:1.2. Of the total, 90.8% declared their influenza vaccination history, 51.3% of them reported receiving influenza vaccine before travel to Hajj. The vaccination rates for the years 2013, 2014 and 2015 were 21.4%, 48.2% and 58.1%, respectively (P < 0.001). Of 1,269 pilgrims who were at higher risk of severe disease, 54.5% received the vaccine. Lack of awareness (47.5%), reliance on natural immunity (15.8%) and being busy (15.5%) were the main reasons for non-receipt.
CONCLUSION
These data from a convenience sample indicate that influenza vaccine uptake among Saudi Hajj pilgrims is increasing over years but still needs further improvement. Lack of awareness and misperceptions are the main barriers. Education of Saudi pilgrims and health professionals is required to raise awareness about influenza vaccination. Further studies are needed to understand pilgrims' misperceptions.
背景
朝觐是世界上最大的年度集会，吸引了来自全球各地的两到三百万穆斯林到沙特阿拉伯麦加进行宗教集会。朝觐者感染和传播流感的风险很高。因此，建议接种流感疫苗，并且经常监测来自不同国家的朝圣者的疫苗接种情况。然而，近年来尚未评估沙特朝圣者的疫苗接种率。
目的
本分析旨在评估沙特朝觐者的流感疫苗接种率，并确定疫苗接种的主要障碍。
方法
从参加 2013 年、2014 年和 2015 年朝觐期间大型试验的沙特朝圣者那里获得了流感疫苗接种数据。在朝觐高峰期，在米纳、麦加会见并招募朝圣者，并要求他们填写一份基线问卷，记录他们的流感疫苗接种史，包括未接种疫苗的原因。
结果
共招募了 6974 名年龄在 18 至 95 岁（中位数为 34 岁）之间的沙特朝圣者；男女比例为 1:1.2。在总共 6974 名朝圣者中，90.8%报告了他们的流感疫苗接种史，其中 51.3%的人在前往朝觐之前接种了流感疫苗。2013 年、2014 年和 2015 年的疫苗接种率分别为 21.4%、48.2%和 58.1%（P < 0.001）。在 1269 名有患重病风险较高的朝圣者中，有 54.5%的人接种了疫苗。未意识到（47.5%）、依赖自然免疫力（15.8%）和忙碌（15.5%）是未接种疫苗的主要原因。
结论
这些来自便利样本的数据表明，沙特朝觐者的流感疫苗接种率随着时间的推移呈上升趋势，但仍需要进一步提高。缺乏意识和误解是主要障碍。需要对沙特朝圣者和卫生专业人员进行教育，以提高对流感疫苗接种的认识。需要进一步研究以了解朝圣者的误解。
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