Housh T J, Johnson G O, Thorland W G, Cisar C J, Hughes R A, Kenney K B, McDowell S L, Lundvall P
J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 1989 Jun;29(2):149-56.
The purposes of this study were to evaluate the intertester error in anthropometry and its effect on estimations of actual body density (ABD), as well as to assess the validity of predicted body density (PBD) from selected anthropometric equation. Sixteen adult males X +/- SD = 21.98 +/- 1.65 years) volunteered to be measured by three experienced and reliable testers at eight circumference, two diameter, and eight skinfold sites as well as by underwater weighing. Eighteen commonly used anthropometric equations which predict body density were selected for evaluation. Repeated measures ANOVA with Tukey post-hoc comparisons were used to determine differences between testers for each anthropometric measure and the PBD values, as well as between the PBD values and ABD. There were significant (p less than 0.01) differences between testers for all anthropometric measures except bi-iliac diameter and hips circumference. However, the magnitude of the differences between testers were considered to be quite small and of no practical concern. There were significant differences among the PBD values and ABD for all equations except the base 10 logarithmic transformations of Durnin and Womersley. Seven of the equations, however, resulted in a constant error of less than or equal to 0.0085 g.ml-1. Overall, there was no single anthropometric equation which satisfied all of the cross-validation criteria suggested by previous investigators, however the linear equation of Forsyth and Sinning which included the scapular and abdominal skinfolds, as well as the bitrochanteric diameter resulted in an extremely small constant error (0.0024 g.ml-1) and an appropriate standard deviation of the PBD values (0.0127 g.ml-1).
本研究的目的是评估人体测量学中测试者间误差及其对实际身体密度（ABD）估计值的影响，同时评估从选定人体测量方程预测身体密度（PBD）的有效性。16名成年男性（X±SD = 21.98±1.65岁）自愿接受3名经验丰富且可靠的测试者测量，测量部位包括8个周长、2个直径和8个皮褶部位，同时还进行水下称重。选择了18个常用的预测身体密度的人体测量方程进行评估。采用重复测量方差分析和Tukey事后比较来确定各人体测量指标测试者之间以及PBD值之间的差异，以及PBD值与ABD之间的差异。除双髂直径和臀围外，所有人体测量指标测试者之间均存在显著（p＜0.01）差异。然而，测试者之间差异的幅度被认为非常小，无实际意义。除Durnin和Womersley的以10为底的对数变换方程外，所有方程的PBD值与ABD之间均存在显著差异。然而，其中7个方程的恒定误差小于或等于0.0085 g.ml-1。总体而言，没有一个人体测量方程能满足先前研究者提出的所有交叉验证标准，不过，Forsyth和Sinning的线性方程，包括肩胛和腹部皮褶以及大转子间直径，产生的恒定误差极小（0.0024 g.ml-1），且PBD值的标准差合适（0.0127 g.ml-1）。
