Jackson B, Huston P
Social Determinants and Science Integration Directorate, Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention Branch, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
Assistant Deputy Minister' s Office, Infectious Diseases Prevention and Control Branch, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
Health Promot Chronic Dis Prev Can. 2016 Feb;36(2):17-20. doi: 10.24095/hpcdp.36.2.01.
Health inequities, or avoidable inequalities in health between groups of people, are increasingly recognized and tackled to improve public health. Canada's interest in health inequities goes back over 40 years, with the landmark 1974 Lalonde report, and continues with the 2011 Rio Political Declaration on Social Determinants of Health, which affirmed a global political commitment to implementing a social determinants of health approach to reducing health inequities. Research in this area includes documenting and tracking health inequalities, exploring their multidimensional causes, and developing and evaluating ways to address them. Inequalities can be observed in who is vulnerable to infectious and chronic diseases, the impact of health promotion and disease prevention efforts, how disease progresses, and the outcomes of treatment. Many programs, policies and projects with potential impacts on health equity and determinants of health have been implemented across Canada. Recent theoretical and methodological advances in the areas of implementation science and population health intervention research have strengthened our capacity to develop effective interventions. With the launch of a new health equity series this month, the journals Canada Communicable Disease Report and Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention in Canada will continue to reflect and foster analysis of social determinants of health and focus on intervention studies that advance health equity.
健康不平等，即不同人群之间可避免的健康差异，日益受到重视并得到应对，以改善公众健康。加拿大对健康不平等的关注可追溯到40多年前，标志性的1974年《拉隆德报告》，并随着2011年《关于健康问题社会决定因素的里约政治宣言》而延续，该宣言确认了一项全球政治承诺，即实施一种基于健康问题社会决定因素的方法来减少健康不平等。这一领域的研究包括记录和跟踪健康不平等现象、探究其多方面成因，以及制定和评估应对措施。在易感染传染病和慢性病的人群、健康促进和疾病预防工作的影响、疾病进展情况以及治疗结果等方面都能观察到不平等现象。加拿大各地实施了许多可能对健康公平和健康决定因素产生影响的项目、政策和计划。实施科学和人群健康干预研究领域最近在理论和方法上取得的进展，增强了我们制定有效干预措施的能力。随着本月新的健康公平系列的推出，《加拿大传染病报告》和《加拿大健康促进与慢性病预防》杂志将继续反映并促进对健康问题社会决定因素的分析，并专注于推进健康公平的干预研究。
