Hossain Mohammad Sorowar, Begum Mamtaz, Mian Md Mahmuduzzaman, Ferdous Shameema, Kabir Shahinur, Sarker Humayun Kabir, Karim Sabina, Choudhury Salma, Khan Asaduzzaman, Khan Zohora Jameela, Karim-Kos Henrike E
Faculty of Basic Sciences, Bangladesh University of Health Sciences, Darus Salam, Mirpur-1, Dhaka, 1216, Bangladesh.
National Institute of Cancer Research and Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
BMC Cancer. 2016 Feb 15;16:104. doi: 10.1186/s12885-016-2161-0.
Cancer burden among children and adolescents is largely unknown in Bangladesh. This study aims to provide a comprehensive overview on childhood and adolescent cancers and to contribute to the future strategies to deal with these diseases in Bangladesh.
Data on malignant neoplasms in patients aged less than 20 years diagnosed between 2001 and 2014 (N = 3143) in Bangladesh was collected by the National Institute of Cancer Research and Hospital and ASHIC Foundation. The age pattern and distribution of cancer types were analysed and the incidence rates were calculated.
The age-standardised incidence rate was 7.8 per million person-years for children (0-14 years) in the last time period (2011-2014). Retinoblastoma (25%) and leukaemia (18%) were the most common childhood cancers. For adolescents (15-19 years), the age-specific incidence rate was 2.1 per million person-years in the same time period. Most common adolescent cancers were malignant bone tumours (38%), germ cell and gonadal tumours (17%), and epithelial tumours (16%). There were more boys affected (M: F ratio 2.0 in children and 1.4 in adolescents) than girls.
Cancer incidences were lower than expected most likely due to a low level of awareness about cancer among clinicians and the population, inadequate access to health care, lack of diagnostic equipment and incomplete recording of cases. Improvements on different levels should be made to get a better epidemiologic insight and to detect cancer earlier resulting in a better outcome for affected children and adolescents.
孟加拉国儿童和青少年癌症负担情况基本未知。本研究旨在全面概述儿童期和青少年期癌症，并为孟加拉国应对这些疾病的未来策略提供参考。
孟加拉国国家癌症研究与医院及ASHIC基金会收集了2001年至2014年间诊断的年龄小于20岁患者的恶性肿瘤数据（N = 3143）。分析了癌症类型的年龄模式和分布，并计算了发病率。
最后一个时间段（2011 - 2014年）儿童（0 - 14岁）的年龄标准化发病率为每百万人口年7.8例。视网膜母细胞瘤（25%）和白血病（18%）是最常见的儿童癌症。对于青少年（15 - 19岁），同一时间段的年龄别发病率为每百万人口年2.1例。最常见的青少年癌症是恶性骨肿瘤（38%）、生殖细胞和性腺肿瘤（17%）以及上皮肿瘤（16%）。男孩受影响的人数多于女孩（儿童中男女性别比为2.0，青少年中为1.4）。
癌症发病率低于预期，很可能是由于临床医生和民众对癌症的认知水平较低、获得医疗保健的机会不足、缺乏诊断设备以及病例记录不完整。应在不同层面进行改进，以获得更好的流行病学认识并更早地发现癌症，从而为患病儿童和青少年带来更好的治疗结果。
