Kornadt Anna E, Meissner Franziska, Rothermund Klaus
a Department of Psychology , Bielefeld University , Bielefeld , Germany.
b Department of General Psychology II , Friedrich Schiller University Jena , Jena , Germany.
Exp Aging Res. 2016;42(2):195-211. doi: 10.1080/0361073X.2016.1132899.
BACKGROUND/STUDY CONTEXT: Drawing on research that shows the importance of age stereotypes across the life span, the authors investigated domain-specific implicit and explicit age stereotypes in different age groups.
Implicit (Implicit Association Test [IAT]; Greenwald, McGhee, & Schwartz, 1998, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74, 1464-1480) and explicit age stereotypes were assessed for the domains of family and health in a sample of N = 90 younger, middle-aged, and older adults.
Overall, age stereotypes were negative for the health domain but not for the family domain. Distinct patterns of age group differences emerged depending on domain and assessment method. In the family domain, older participants held the least positive explicit age stereotypes, whereas implicit stereotypes in this domain were most positive for this age group compared with the young and middle-aged groups. For the health domain, implicit and explicit age associations indicated that middle-aged participants showed the most negative age-associations.
These findings suggest that implicit and explicit age stereotypes in different life domains represent largely independent constructs. Differential age group effects are assumed to reflect the result of accommodative and assimilative processes that are used to cope with age-related changes. Implications for future studies of implicit and explicit age stereotypes and their influence on developmental regulation are discussed.
背景/研究背景：基于显示年龄刻板印象在整个生命周期中重要性的研究，作者调查了不同年龄组中特定领域的内隐和外显年龄刻板印象。
在一个包含90名年轻人、中年人和老年人的样本中，对家庭和健康领域的内隐（内隐联想测验[IAT]；格林沃尔德、麦吉和施瓦茨，1998年，《人格与社会心理学杂志》，74卷，第1464 - 1480页）和外显年龄刻板印象进行了评估。
总体而言，健康领域的年龄刻板印象是负面的，但家庭领域并非如此。根据领域和评估方法，出现了不同的年龄组差异模式。在家庭领域，年长参与者持有最不积极的外显年龄刻板印象，而与年轻和中年组相比，该领域的内隐刻板印象对这个年龄组最为积极。对于健康领域，内隐和外显年龄关联表明中年参与者表现出最负面的年龄关联。
这些发现表明，不同生活领域的内隐和外显年龄刻板印象在很大程度上代表了独立的结构。不同的年龄组效应被认为反映了用于应对与年龄相关变化的顺应和同化过程的结果。讨论了对内隐和外显年龄刻板印象及其对发展调节影响的未来研究的启示。
