Husari Ahmad, Hashem Yasmine, Bitar Hala, Dbaibo Ghassan, Zaatari Ghazi, El Sabban Marwan
Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.
Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.
Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis. 2016 Feb 3;11:227-37. doi: 10.2147/COPD.S97027. eCollection 2016.
Cigarette smoke (CS) increases oxidative stress (OS) in the lungs. Pomegranate juice (PJ) possesses potent antioxidant activities, attributed to its polyphenols. This study investigates the effects of PJ on the damaging effects of CS in an animal model and on cultured human alveolar cells (A549).
Male C57BL/6J mice were divided into the following groups: Control, CS, CS + PJ, and PJ. Acute CS exposure was for 3 days, while chronic exposure was for 1 and 3 months (5 days of exposure/week). PJ groups received daily 80 μmol/kg via bottle, while other groups received distilled water. At the end of the experiments, different parameters were studied: 1) expression levels of inflammatory markers, 2) apoptosis, 3) OS, and 4) histopathological changes. In vitro, A549 cells were pretreated for 48 hours with either PJ (0.5 μM) or vehicle. Cells were then exposed to increasing concentrations of CS extracted from collected filters. Cell viability was assessed by counting of live and dead cells with trypan blue staining.
Acutely, a significant increase in interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α expression, apoptosis, and OS was noted in CS when compared to Control. PJ significantly attenuated the expression of inflammatory mediators, apoptosis, and OS. Chronically (at 1 and 3 months), increased expression of TNF-α was observed, and lung sections demonstrated emphysematous changes when compared to Control. PJ supplementation to CS animals attenuated the increased expression of TNF-α and normalized lung cytoarchitecture. At the cellular level, CS extract reduced cellular proliferation and triggered cellular death. Pretreatment with PJ attenuated the damaging effects of CS extract on cultured human alveolar cells.
The expression of inflammatory mediators associated with CS exposure and the emphysematous changes noted with chronic CS exposure were reduced with PJ supplementation. In vitro, PJ attenuated the damaging effects of CS extract on cultured human alveolar cells.
香烟烟雾（CS）会增加肺部的氧化应激（OS）。石榴汁（PJ）具有强大的抗氧化活性，这归因于其含有的多酚类物质。本研究调查了PJ对动物模型中CS的损伤作用以及对培养的人肺泡细胞（A549）的影响。
将雄性C57BL/6J小鼠分为以下几组：对照组、CS组、CS + PJ组和PJ组。急性CS暴露为期3天，而慢性暴露为期1个月和3个月（每周暴露5天）。PJ组通过灌胃每日给予80 μmol/kg，而其他组给予蒸馏水。在实验结束时，研究了不同参数：1）炎症标志物的表达水平，2）细胞凋亡，3）氧化应激，以及4）组织病理学变化。在体外，A549细胞用PJ（0.5 μM）或溶剂预处理48小时。然后将细胞暴露于从收集的滤嘴中提取的浓度递增的CS中。通过台盼蓝染色计数活细胞和死细胞来评估细胞活力。
急性暴露时，与对照组相比，CS组白细胞介素（IL）-1β、IL-6和肿瘤坏死因子（TNF）-α的表达、细胞凋亡和氧化应激显著增加。PJ显著减轻了炎症介质的表达、细胞凋亡和氧化应激。慢性暴露（1个月和3个月时），与对照组相比，观察到TNF-α表达增加，肺切片显示有肺气肿改变。给CS处理的动物补充PJ可减轻TNF-α表达的增加并使肺细胞结构正常化。在细胞水平上，CS提取物降低了细胞增殖并引发细胞死亡。PJ预处理减轻了CS提取物对培养的人肺泡细胞的损伤作用。
补充PJ可降低与CS暴露相关的炎症介质表达以及慢性CS暴露时出现的肺气肿改变。在体外，PJ减轻了CS提取物对培养的人肺泡细胞的损伤作用。
