De Nardi Roberta, Marchesini Giorgio, Li Shucong, Khafipour Ehsan, Plaizier Kees J C, Gianesella Matteo, Ricci Rebecca, Andrighetto Igino, Segato Severino
Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, Legnaro, PD, 35020, Italy.
Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2 N2, Canada.
BMC Vet Res. 2016 Feb 19;12:29. doi: 10.1186/s12917-016-0653-4.
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of two feed supplements on rumen bacterial communities of heifers fed a high grain diet. Six Holstein-Friesian heifers received one of the following dietary treatments according to a Latin square design: no supplement (control, C), 60 g/day of fumarate-malate (organic acid, O) and 100 g/day of polyphenol-essential oil (P). Rumen fluid was analyzed to assess the microbial population using Illumina sequencing and quantitative real time PCR.
The P treatment had the highest number of observed species (P < 0.10), Chao1 index (P < 0.05), abundance based coverage estimated (ACE) (P < 0.05), and Fisher's alpha diversity (P < 0.10). The O treatment had intermediate values between C and P treatments with the exception of the Chao1 index. The PCoA with unweighted Unifrac distance showed a separation among dietary treatments (P = 0.09), above all between the C and P (P = 0.05). The O and P treatments showed a significant increase of the family Christenenellaceae and a decline of Prevotella brevis compared to C. Additionally, the P treatment enhanced the abundance of many taxa belonging to Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes and Tenericutes phyla due to a potential antimicrobial activity of flavonoids that increased competition among bacteria.
Organic acid and polyphenols significantly modified rumen bacterial populations during high-grain feeding in dairy heifers. In particular the polyphenol treatment increased the richness and diversity of rumen microbiota, which are usually high in conditions of physiological rumen pH and rumen function.
本研究旨在调查两种饲料添加剂对采食高谷物日粮的小母牛瘤胃细菌群落的影响。根据拉丁方设计，六头荷斯坦-弗里生小母牛接受以下日粮处理之一：不添加（对照，C）、每天60克富马酸-苹果酸（有机酸，O）和每天100克多酚-精油（P）。使用Illumina测序和定量实时PCR分析瘤胃液以评估微生物种群。
P处理的观测物种数最多（P < 0.10），Chao1指数（P < 0.05）、基于丰度的覆盖率估计值（ACE）（P < 0.05）和费舍尔α多样性（P < 0.10）最高。除Chao1指数外，O处理的值介于C和P处理之间。基于非加权Unifrac距离的主坐标分析显示日粮处理之间存在分离（P = 0.09），尤其是C和P之间（P = 0.05）。与C相比，O和P处理显示克里斯滕森菌科显著增加，短普氏菌减少。此外，由于黄酮类化合物的潜在抗菌活性增加了细菌之间的竞争，P处理提高了许多属于拟杆菌门、厚壁菌门和柔膜菌门的分类群的丰度。
在奶牛小母牛高谷物饲养期间，有机酸和多酚显著改变了瘤胃细菌种群。特别是多酚处理增加了瘤胃微生物群的丰富度和多样性，在生理瘤胃pH值和瘤胃功能条件下，瘤胃微生物群通常较高。
