Belaqziz Majdouline, El-Abbassi Abdelilah, Lakhal El Khadir, Agrafioti Evita, Galanakis Charis M
Center of Analysis and Characterization, Cadi Ayyad University, Boulevard Moulay Abdellah, Marrakech, Morocco.
Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, P.O. Box 2390, 40 000, Marrakech, Morocco.
J Environ Manage. 2016 Apr 15;171:158-165. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.02.006. Epub 2016 Feb 15.
This study investigates the effect of direct amendment of olive mill wastewater (OMW) on the fertility of soil, described as poor in the area of Marrakech (semi-arid region) in Morocco. The treated plots were amended with untreated OMW generated by a traditional extraction process at the amount of 10 L/m(2)/year during two consecutive years. Results of these two years treatments with crude OMW at relatively high dose reveal an important increase in soil physicochemical characteristics, namely electric conductivity (EC), Na(+,) K(+), phosphorus, nitrogen, organic matter and soluble phenolic compounds. EC of treated soil was enhanced from 0.34 to 2.91 mS/cm as compared to the control soil. After spreading OMW in soil, the amounts of its nutritive elements increased by 81% for nitrogen, 66% for phosphorus and 88% for potassium. The accumulation of phenolic compounds and the increase of total peroxidase activity in plants provide evidence of their protective role against the physiological stress induced by OMW. However, this enrichment in mineral and nutritive elements decreased three months after OMW application, revealing OMW biodegradation in the studied calcareous soil. In parallel, an increase in the contents of the soluble phenolic compounds on the upper layer of soil was denoted and maize plants growth was efficiently raised. Significant amelioration was obtained notably in terms of fresh and dry weight of leaves, leaves area, spikes fresh and dry weight, 100 seeds weight and straw yield (37, 54, 27, 24, 14 and 9% respectively). Along with the correct choice of convenient soils notably calcareous ones and tolerant crops such as maize, this method could constitute an efficient approach for avoiding problems attributed to the uncontrolled disposal of these effluents and an effective strategy to regenerate degraded soils and represents an economical alternative that provides a local fertilizer.
本研究调查了直接施用橄榄油厂废水（OMW）对土壤肥力的影响，摩洛哥马拉喀什地区（半干旱地区）的土壤肥力较差。在连续两年中，以每年10升/平方米的用量，用传统提取工艺产生的未处理OMW对处理地块进行改良。这两年以相对高剂量的粗OMW进行处理的结果显示，土壤理化特性有显著提高，即电导率（EC）、钠（Na⁺）、钾（K⁺）、磷、氮、有机质和可溶性酚类化合物。与对照土壤相比，处理后土壤的EC从0.34提高到2.91毫西门子/厘米。在土壤中施用OMW后，其营养元素的含量增加，氮增加了81%，磷增加了66%，钾增加了88%。植物中酚类化合物的积累和总过氧化物酶活性的增加证明了它们对OMW诱导的生理胁迫的保护作用。然而，在施用OMW三个月后，这种矿物质和营养元素的富集减少，表明在研究的石灰性土壤中OMW发生了生物降解。同时，土壤上层可溶性酚类化合物的含量有所增加，玉米植株的生长也得到了有效促进。特别是在叶片鲜重和干重、叶面积、穗鲜重和干重、100粒种子重量和秸秆产量方面（分别提高了37%、54%、27%、24%、14%和9%）取得了显著改善。连同正确选择适宜的土壤，特别是石灰性土壤和耐受力强的作物如玉米，这种方法可以构成一种有效的途径，避免因这些废水的无控制排放而产生的问题，也是一种使退化土壤恢复的有效策略，并且是一种提供当地肥料的经济替代方案。
