Mustafa Ghulam, Wyns Kenny, Buekenhoudt Anita, Meynen Vera
VITO NV - Flemish Institute for Technological Research NV, Boeretang 200, B-2400 Mol, Belgium; Laboratory of Adsorption and Catalysis (LADCA), Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, CDE, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Wilrijk, Belgium.
VITO NV - Flemish Institute for Technological Research NV, Boeretang 200, B-2400 Mol, Belgium.
Water Res. 2016 Apr 15;93:195-204. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2016.02.030. Epub 2016 Feb 13.
Nanofiltration (NF) membrane fouling by DOM remains a major and poorly understood issue. To acquire a better insight we studied the fouling of the DOM fractions humic acids (HAs) and fulvic acids (FAs), with and without Ca(2+), on native and grafted ceramic NF membranes. Grafting with two methods and three different grafting groups allowed to create a range of membranes with a variety of surface chemistries, and a wide range of surface polarity, much broader than ever used in previous studies. A typical polymer (polyamide) NF membrane was included for comparison. All obtained results reveal that membrane fouling is not determined by membrane hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity as a general and sole criterion, but rather on the whole of the surface chemistry determining the amount and strength of the possible foulant-membrane interactions. As a consequence the effect of inorganic ions on the fouling is also dependent on the surface chemistry. Important new insight in the DOM fouling mechanism was acquired, shedding new light on the state-of-the-art knowledge.
溶解性有机物（DOM）导致的纳滤（NF）膜污染仍然是一个主要问题，且人们对此了解甚少。为了更深入地了解这一问题，我们研究了在天然和接枝陶瓷纳滤膜上，有钙（Ca²⁺）和无钙情况下，DOM组分腐殖酸（HAs）和富里酸（FAs）的污染情况。通过两种方法和三种不同的接枝基团进行接枝，可以制备出一系列具有不同表面化学性质和广泛表面极性的膜，其范围比以往研究中使用的要宽得多。为了进行比较，还纳入了一种典型的聚合物（聚酰胺）纳滤膜。所有获得的结果表明，膜污染并非由膜的亲水性/疏水性这一普遍且唯一的标准决定，而是取决于整个表面化学性质，表面化学性质决定了可能的污染物与膜之间相互作用的数量和强度。因此，无机离子对污染的影响也取决于表面化学性质。我们获得了关于DOM污染机制的重要新见解，为现有知识提供了新的思路。
