Methenitis Spyridon K, Zaras Nikolaos D, Spengos Konstantinos M, Stasinaki Angeliki-Nikoletta E, Karampatsos Giorgos P, Georgiadis Giorgos V, Terzis Gerasimos D
1Athletics Laboratory, School of Physical Education & Sport Science, University of Athens, Athens, Greece; and2A' Neurology Clinic, Eginition Hospital, Medical School, University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
J Strength Cond Res. 2016 Mar;30(3):807-17. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000001147.
The aim of the study was to examine the correlation between muscle morphology and jumping, sprinting, and throwing performance in participants with different power training duration experience. Thirty-six power-trained young men were assigned to 3 groups according to the length of their power training: less experienced (<1 year), moderately experienced (1-3 years), and experienced (4-7 years). All participants performed countermovement and squat jumps, 60-m sprint, and shot throws twice. Lean body mass (LBM) was evaluated with dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry and thigh muscle cross-sectional area (CSA) with anthropometry. The vastus lateralis architecture and fiber type composition were evaluated with ultrasonography and muscle biopsies, respectively. When all subjects were considered as 1 group (n = 36), jumping performance was correlated with LBM, fascicle length, and type II fiber CSA; sprinting performance was correlated with estimated thigh muscle CSA alone; and shot throwing was correlated with LBM and type I, IIA fiber CSA. In the least experienced group, the LBM of the lower extremities was the most significant contributor for power performance, whereas in the moderately experienced group, the LBM, architectural properties, and type II fiber percentage CSA were the most significant contributors. For the experienced group, fascicle length and type II fiber percentage CSA were the most significant factors for power performance. These data suggest that jumping performance is linked with muscle morphology, regardless of strength or power training. The vastus lateralis muscle morphology could only partially explain throwing performance, whereas it cannot predict sprinting performance. Power performance in experienced participants rely more on the quality of the muscle tissue rather than the quantity.
本研究的目的是检验不同力量训练时长经验的参与者的肌肉形态与跳跃、短跑和投掷表现之间的相关性。36名经过力量训练的年轻男性根据其力量训练时长被分为3组：经验较少组（<1年）、经验中等组（1 - 3年）和经验丰富组（4 - 7年）。所有参与者进行了反向运动跳和深蹲跳、60米短跑以及两次铅球投掷。通过双能X线吸收法评估瘦体重（LBM），通过人体测量法评估大腿肌肉横截面积（CSA）。分别使用超声检查和肌肉活检评估股外侧肌结构和纤维类型组成。当将所有受试者视为1组（n = 36）时，跳跃表现与LBM、肌束长度和II型纤维CSA相关；短跑表现仅与估计的大腿肌肉CSA相关；铅球投掷与LBM以及I型、IIA型纤维CSA相关。在经验最少的组中，下肢的LBM是力量表现的最主要贡献因素，而在经验中等的组中，LBM、结构特性和II型纤维CSA百分比是最主要的贡献因素。对于经验丰富的组，肌束长度和II型纤维CSA百分比是力量表现的最主要因素。这些数据表明，无论力量或功率训练如何，跳跃表现都与肌肉形态有关。股外侧肌形态只能部分解释投掷表现，而无法预测短跑表现。经验丰富的参与者的力量表现更多地依赖于肌肉组织的质量而非数量。
