Calcagno Emilia, Durando Patricia, Valdés M Eugenia, Franchioni Liliana, Bistoni María de los Ángeles
Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Av. Vélez Sarsfield 299, X2500HUA Córdoba, Argentina.
Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ing. Agr. Félix Aldo Marrone 746, X2500HUA Córdoba, Argentina.
Physiol Behav. 2016 May 1;158:68-75. doi: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2016.02.025. Epub 2016 Feb 19.
Carbamazepine (CBZ) is an anticonvulsant drug, prescribed worldwide for the treatment of epilepsy, bipolar disorder and trigeminal neuralgia, which has been frequently detected in aquatic environments. The objective of this study was to analyze if CBZ modifies scototaxis and shoaling behaviors and/or whole-body cortisol levels of the one-sided livebearing fish Jenynsia multidentata under stress condition. Female adults of J. multidentata were exposed to 0, 10, 50 and 200μgCBZ/L during 14days. After CBZ exposure, fish were subjected to restraint stress during 15min. Control animals were not exposed to CBZ or stress. In the light/dark preference test (scototaxis), the individuals under acute restraint stress (without CBZ) exhibited a significant increase in the mean speed and in the time spent both in the light compartment and in the bottom of the tank with respect to controls. They also showed a tendency to stay longer frozen in the light compartment. Fish exposed to 10 and 50μgCBZ/L showed a significant reduction in mean speed compared to stressed fish without CBZ. A reduction in the time spent in the bottom of the tank was also observed in fish exposed to 10μgCBZ/L. Fish exposed to 200μgCBZ/L showed a decreasing tendency in all behavioral endpoints (time spent in the light compartment, mean speed, time spent at the bottom and freezing) in comparison to stressed fish not exposed to CBZ. Considering whole-body cortisol results, fish under acute restraint stress (without CBZ) significantly increased their hormone levels with respect to the control group, while fish exposed to CBZ and acute restraint stress, significantly decreased their whole-body cortisol levels. There were no significant changes in shoaling behavior due to either stress or CBZ exposure and no significant differences in whole-body cortisol levels between experimental groups. Considering that the light/dark and shoaling tests measure different stress response behaviors regulated by different neuroendocrine systems, these results could indicate that CBZ has a differential effect on fish behavioral stress response and cortisol levels, depending on the behavioral test used and stressor applied.
卡马西平（CBZ）是一种抗惊厥药物，在全球范围内被用于治疗癫痫、双相情感障碍和三叉神经痛，该药物在水生环境中经常被检测到。本研究的目的是分析在应激条件下，CBZ是否会改变单侧胎生鱼类多齿珍妮丽鱼的避光趋性和集群行为及/或全身皮质醇水平。多齿珍妮丽鱼的成年雌鱼在14天内分别暴露于0、10、50和200μgCBZ/L的环境中。CBZ暴露后，鱼在15分钟内受到束缚应激。对照动物未暴露于CBZ或应激环境。在明暗偏好试验（避光趋性）中，急性束缚应激（无CBZ）下的个体与对照组相比，平均速度以及在明区和水箱底部停留的时间显著增加。它们还表现出在明区停留更长时间静止不动的趋势。与无CBZ的应激鱼相比，暴露于10和50μgCBZ/L的鱼平均速度显著降低。暴露于10μgCBZ/L的鱼在水箱底部停留的时间也有所减少。与未暴露于CBZ的应激鱼相比，暴露于200μgCBZ/L的鱼在所有行为指标（在明区停留的时间、平均速度、在底部停留的时间和静止不动）上均呈下降趋势。考虑到全身皮质醇的结果，急性束缚应激（无CBZ）下的鱼相对于对照组其激素水平显著升高，而暴露于CBZ和急性束缚应激下的鱼全身皮质醇水平显著降低。应激或CBZ暴露对集群行为均无显著影响，实验组之间全身皮质醇水平也无显著差异。鉴于明暗试验和集群试验测量的是由不同神经内分泌系统调节的不同应激反应行为，这些结果可能表明，CBZ对鱼类行为应激反应和皮质醇水平具有不同的影响，这取决于所使用的行为试验和施加的应激源。
