Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China.
Int J Mol Sci. 2024 Jun 25;25(13):6950. doi: 10.3390/ijms25136950.
There is growing concern about the potential ecological risks posed by pharmaceutical residues in the aquatic environment. However, our understanding of the toxic effects of antiepileptic pharmaceuticals, such as carbamazepine (CBZ), on aquatic animal larvae is still limited. In this study, the tadpoles of the black-spotted pond frog () were exposed to environmentally relevant concentrations of CBZ (0.3 and 3.0 μg/L) for 30 days, and their growth, intestinal microbial composition, and metabolites were investigated to assess the potential toxic effects of CBZ in non-targeted aquatic organisms. Some tadpoles died during exposure, but there was no significant among-group difference in the survival and growth rates. CBZ exposure significantly altered the composition of tadpole intestinal microbiota. Relative abundances of some bacterial genera (e.g., , , , , etc.) decreased, while others (e.g., , etc.) increased in CBZ-exposed tadpoles. Interestingly, CBZ-induced alterations in some bacteria might not necessarily lead to adverse outcomes for animals. Meanwhile, small molecular intestinal metabolites related to energy metabolism, and antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities were also altered after exposure. Taken together, environmentally relevant levels of CBZ might alter the metabolic and immune performances of amphibian larvae by modifying the abundance of some specific bacteria and the level of metabolites in their intestines, thereby potentially causing a long-term effect on their fitness.
人们越来越关注水环境中药物残留对生态可能造成的风险。然而，我们对某些抗癫痫药物（如卡马西平（CBZ））对水生动物幼体的毒性作用的了解仍然有限。在这项研究中，黑斑蛙（）的蝌蚪在环境相关浓度的 CBZ（0.3 和 3.0 μg/L）中暴露 30 天，检测其生长、肠道微生物组成和代谢物，以评估 CBZ 对非目标水生生物的潜在毒性作用。一些蝌蚪在暴露过程中死亡，但在存活率和生长速率方面没有显著的组间差异。CBZ 暴露显著改变了蝌蚪肠道微生物群落的组成。一些细菌属的相对丰度（如、、、、等）降低，而另一些细菌属（如、等）则在 CBZ 暴露的蝌蚪中增加。有趣的是，CBZ 诱导的一些细菌的变化不一定会对动物产生不利影响。同时，暴露后与能量代谢、抗氧化和抗炎活性相关的小分子肠道代谢物也发生了改变。总之，环境相关浓度的 CBZ 可能通过改变某些特定细菌的丰度和肠道代谢物的水平，改变两栖类幼体的代谢和免疫性能，从而对其适应性产生长期影响。
