Goldmann Wolfgang H
Department of Biophysics, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany.
Cell Biol Int. 2016 Mar;40(3):241-56. doi: 10.1002/cbin.10563. Epub 2016 Jan 3.
Cell-matrix adhesion and cell-cell contacts are essential for the metabolism, protein synthesis, survival, and cancer metastasis of cells. Major transmembrane receptors are the integrins, which are responsible for cell-matrix adhesions, and the cadherins, which are important for cell-cell adhesions. Adherent cells anchor via focal adhesion proteins to the extracellular matrix, whereas cell-cell contacts connect via focal adherens junction proteins. The temporal formation of these connections is greatly strengthened either through externally applied stresses on the cell or by myosin-driven cell contractility. The mechanism by which protein(s) within these connections sense, transmit, and respond to mechanochemical signaling is currently strongly debated and various candidates have been named. Vinculin has been described as one of the key players in cell-matrix and cell-cell adhesions that build a strong physical connection for transmitting forces between the cytoskeleton, the extracellular matrix, and cell-cell connections.
细胞与基质的黏附以及细胞间的接触对于细胞的代谢、蛋白质合成、存活和癌症转移至关重要。主要的跨膜受体是整合素，其负责细胞与基质的黏附，还有钙黏蛋白，其对细胞间黏附很重要。贴壁细胞通过黏着斑蛋白锚定到细胞外基质，而细胞间接触则通过黏着连接蛋白相连。这些连接的暂时形成通过外部施加于细胞的应力或肌球蛋白驱动的细胞收缩性得到极大加强。目前，这些连接中的蛋白质感知、传递和响应机械化学信号的机制存在激烈争论，并且已经提出了各种候选蛋白。纽蛋白被描述为细胞与基质以及细胞间黏附中的关键参与者之一，它建立了一个强大的物理连接，用于在细胞骨架、细胞外基质和细胞间连接之间传递力。
