Dietz Pavel, Dalaker Robert, Letzel Stephan, Ulrich Rolf, Simon Perikles
a Department of Physical Activity and Public Health , University of Graz , Graz , Austria.
b Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery , University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Luebeck , Luebeck , Germany.
J Sports Sci. 2016 Oct;34(20):1965-9. doi: 10.1080/02640414.2016.1149214. Epub 2016 Feb 25.
The two major objectives of this study were (i) to assess variables that predict the use of analgesics in competitive athletes and (ii) to test whether the use of analgesics is associated with the use of doping. A questionnaire primarily addressing the use of analgesics and doping was distributed among 2,997 triathletes. Binary logistic regression analysis was performed to predict the use of analgesics. Moreover, the randomised response technique (RRT) was used to estimate the prevalence of doping in order to assess whether users of analgesics have a higher potential risk for doping than non-users. Statistical power analyses were performed to determine sample size. The bootstrap method was used to assess the statistical significance of the prevalence difference for doping between users and non-users of analgesics. Four variables from a pool of 16 variables were identified that predict the use of analgesics. These were: "version of questionnaire (English)", "gender (female)", "behaviour in case of pain (continue training)", and "hours of training per week (>12 h/week)". The 12-month prevalence estimate for the use of doping substances (overall estimate 13.0%) was significantly higher in athletes that used analgesics (20.4%) than in those athletes who did not use analgesics (12.4%). The results of this study revealed that athletes who use analgesics prior to competition may be especially prone to using doping substances. The predictors of analgesic use found in the study may be of importance to prepare education material and prevention models against the misuse of drugs in athletes.
（i）评估预测竞技运动员使用镇痛药的变量；（ii）测试镇痛药的使用是否与使用兴奋剂有关。一份主要针对镇痛药和兴奋剂使用情况的问卷在2997名铁人三项运动员中进行了发放。采用二元逻辑回归分析来预测镇痛药的使用情况。此外，使用随机应答技术（RRT）来估计兴奋剂的使用流行率，以评估镇痛药使用者是否比非使用者有更高的使用兴奋剂潜在风险。进行了统计功效分析以确定样本量。采用自助法评估镇痛药使用者和非使用者之间兴奋剂使用流行率差异的统计学显著性。从16个变量中确定了4个预测镇痛药使用的变量。它们是：“问卷版本（英文）”、“性别（女性）”、“疼痛时的行为（继续训练）”以及“每周训练时长（>12小时/周）”。使用镇痛药的运动员中使用兴奋剂物质的12个月流行率估计值（总体估计为13.0%）显著高于未使用镇痛药的运动员（20.4%对12.4%）。本研究结果表明，在比赛前使用镇痛药的运动员可能特别容易使用兴奋剂物质。研究中发现的镇痛药使用预测因素对于编写针对运动员药物滥用的教育材料和预防模型可能具有重要意义。
