Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2011 Apr;21(2):224-34. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0838.2009.01041.x.
The relationships between projected use, self-reported behavior and attitudes to performance-enhancing (PED) and recreational (RD) drugs were investigated among 82 competitive Hungarian athletes, with 14.6% admitting using PED and 31.7% using RD. Both the observed doping estimations (even those made by non-users) and self-admitted use were considerably higher than the average rate of positive doping tests (2% of all tests). The notable overestimation by PED users (34.6% vs 16.9%) was in keeping with the false consensus effect. A prediction model with attitude and projection to the likelihood of PED use suggested at least a 70% chance of self-involvement of athletes, with responses at or above the median scores (Performance Enhancement Attitude Scale ≥ 60 and estimation ≥ 50%) on the two independent measures. Users overestimated the prevalence of doping in their sport (P=0.007) but not RD use, with the converse holding for RD users' views of doping (P=0.029). PED users also showed a significantly more lenient attitude toward doping (P<0.001). This domain-specific characteristic adds new information to the ongoing research effort in understanding drug-doping co-morbidity. The reasons for elevated in-group projection are discussed, along with the potential application of this phenomenon in doping epidemiology studies.
在 82 名匈牙利竞技运动员中，研究了预测使用、自我报告的行为和对性能增强（PED）和娱乐性（RD）药物的态度之间的关系，其中 14.6%的人承认使用 PED，31.7%的人使用 RD。观察到的兴奋剂估计（即使是非使用者做出的估计）和自我承认的使用都明显高于阳性兴奋剂检测的平均率（所有检测的 2%）。PED 用户的明显高估（34.6%比 16.9%）与虚假共识效应相符。一个基于态度和对 PED 使用可能性的预测模型表明，运动员自我参与的可能性至少有 70%，两个独立指标上的得分达到或高于中位数（性能增强态度量表≥60 分，估计≥50%）。使用者高估了他们运动中兴奋剂的流行程度（P=0.007），但没有高估 RD 的使用，而 RD 用户对兴奋剂的看法则相反（P=0.029）。PED 用户对兴奋剂的态度也明显更为宽容（P<0.001）。这种特定于药物的特征为理解药物滥用共病的研究工作提供了新的信息。讨论了提高群体内预测的原因，以及这种现象在兴奋剂流行病学研究中的潜在应用。
