Bräutigam Andrea, Gowik Udo
Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Universitätsstrasse 1, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS) "From Complex Traits towards Synthetic Modules", 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany Present address: Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK) Gatersleben, Corrensstraße 3, 06466 Stadt Seeland, Germany.
Institute of Plant Molecular and Developmental Biology, Universitätsstrasse 1, Heinrich- Heine-University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
J Exp Bot. 2016 May;67(10):2953-62. doi: 10.1093/jxb/erw056. Epub 2016 Feb 22.
C4 plants evolved independently more than 60 times from C3 ancestors. C4 photosynthesis is a complex trait and its evolution from the ancestral C3 photosynthetic pathway involved the modification of the leaf anatomy and the leaf physiology accompanied by changes in the expression of thousands of genes. Under high temperature, high light, and the current CO2 concentration in the atmosphere, the C4 pathway is more efficient than C3 photosynthesis because it increases the CO2 concentration around the major CO2 fixating enzyme Rubisco. The oxygenase reaction and, accordingly, photorespiration are largely suppressed. In the present review we describe a scenario for C4 evolution that not only includes the avoidance of photorespiration as the major driving force for C4 evolution but also highlights the relevance of changes in the expression of photorespiratory genes in inducing and establishing important phases on the path from C3 to C4.
C4植物从C3祖先独立进化了60多次。C4光合作用是一个复杂的性状，它从祖先的C3光合途径进化而来，涉及叶片解剖结构和叶片生理的改变，同时伴随着数千个基因表达的变化。在高温、高光以及当前大气中的二氧化碳浓度条件下，C4途径比C3光合作用更高效，因为它提高了主要二氧化碳固定酶Rubisco周围的二氧化碳浓度。加氧酶反应以及相应的光呼吸在很大程度上受到抑制。在本综述中，我们描述了一种C4进化的情景，该情景不仅将避免光呼吸作为C4进化的主要驱动力，还强调了光呼吸基因表达变化在诱导和建立从C3到C4途径的重要阶段中的相关性。
