From the *Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; †National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; and ‡Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA.
Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Phila). 2016 Mar-Apr;5(2):115-21. doi: 10.1097/APO.0000000000000169.
We investigated the association between refractive error and the prevalence of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in a population-based study.
This was a cross-sectional study.
Right eyes were included from 14,067 participants aged 40 years and older with gradable fundus photographs and refraction data from the fourth and the fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2008 to 2011. Early and late AMD was graded based on the International Age-Related Maculopathy Epidemiological Study Group grading system. Autorefraction data were collected to calculate spherical equivalent refraction in diopters (D) and classified into 4 groups: hyperopia (≥1.0 D), emmetropia (-0.99 to 0.99 D), mild myopia (-1.0 to -2.99 D), and moderate to high myopia (≤-3.0 D).
After adjustment for potential confounders, each diopter increase in spherical equivalent was associated with a 16% [odds ratio (OR), 1.16; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.08-1.25] and 18% (OR, 1.18; 95% CI, 1.10-1.27) increased risk of any (early + late) and early AMD, respectively. Mild and moderate to high myopia were associated with lower odds of any and early AMD compared with hyperopia (any AMD: OR, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.4-0.95 for mild myopia; OR, 0.41; 95% CI, 0.21-0.81 for moderate to high myopia; early AMD: OR, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.4-0.99 for mild myopia; OR, 0.36; 95% CI, 0.16-0.77 for moderate to high myopia group). There was no association between refractive status and the likelihood of late AMD (P = 0.91).
Myopia is associated with lower odds of any and early AMD, but not with late AMD in the South Korean population.
我们在一项基于人群的研究中调查了屈光不正与年龄相关性黄斑变性（AMD）患病率之间的关系。
这是一项横断面研究。
从 2008 年至 2011 年第四次和第五次韩国国家健康和营养检查调查中纳入了 14067 名年龄在 40 岁及以上、可分级眼底照片和屈光数据的右眼参与者。根据国际年龄相关性黄斑病变流行病学研究组的分级系统对早期和晚期 AMD 进行分级。收集自动折射数据以计算屈光度（D）的球镜等效折射，并分为 4 组：远视（≥1.0 D）、正视（-0.99 至 0.99 D）、轻度近视（-1.0 至-2.99 D）和中度至高度近视（≤-3.0 D）。
在调整了潜在混杂因素后，球镜等效每增加 1 屈光度，任何（早期+晚期）和早期 AMD 的风险分别增加 16%（比值比[OR]，1.16；95%置信区间[CI]，1.08-1.25）和 18%（OR，1.18；95% CI，1.10-1.27）。与远视相比，轻度和中度至高度近视与任何和早期 AMD 的可能性较低相关（任何 AMD：OR，0.62；95% CI，0.4-0.95 为轻度近视；OR，0.41；95% CI，0.21-0.81 为中度至高度近视；早期 AMD：OR，0.63；95% CI，0.4-0.99 为轻度近视；OR，0.36；95% CI，0.16-0.77 为中度至高度近视组）。近视状态与晚期 AMD 的可能性之间没有关联（P = 0.91）。
在韩国人群中，近视与任何和早期 AMD 的可能性较低相关，但与晚期 AMD 无关。
