Lee Sami, Lee Haeng-Jin, Lee Kyoung Geun, Kim Jihan
Department of Family Medicine, Chungnam National University Sejong Hospital, Sejong, Republic of Korea.
Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National Univeristy-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea.
PLoS One. 2022 Mar 25;17(3):e0265317. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0265317. eCollection 2022.
The prevalence of both obesity and myopia are increasing in Korean children and adolescents. The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of obesity on the prevalence of myopia in Korean children and adolescents.
This study used the data of a nationally representative cross-sectional survey, the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) VII conducted from 2016 to 2018. Of the 1237 children and adolescents aged 5-18 years who participated in the KNHANES VII and underwent ophthalmologic examinations for the survey, 1114 were selected for review, excluding those whose data on refractive error, family history of myopia, or waist circumference were missing. Body mass index (BMI) was classified into four groups: underweight (< 5th percentile), normal weight (≥ 5th percentile, < 85th percentile), overweight (≥ 85th percentile, < 95th percentile), and obese (≥ 95th percentile). Myopia was defined by the level of refractive error ≤ -0.5 diopters (D) and classified as mild (≤ -0.5 D, > -3.0 D), moderate (≤ -3.0 D, > -6.0 D), or high (≤ -6.0 D) myopia. The relationship between BMI and myopia was analyzed using complex sample logistic regression. Age and family history were corrected followed by an analysis of the odds ratios.
Compared to those with normal weights (controls), being underweight, overweight, or obese showed no significant odds of developing mild and moderate myopia. Conversely, when compared with that of controls, the odds ratio of developing high myopia in the underweight, overweight, and obese groups was 0.77 (95% CI, 0.22-2.65), 1.37 (95% CI, 0.51-3.66), and 3.77 (95% CI, 1.98-7.16), respectively. Furthermore, in a separate analysis by sex and BMI, the odds ratio of developing high myopia was 2.84 (95% CI, 1.10-7.35) in boys with obesity and 4.23 (95% CI,1.19-15.09) and 5.04 (95% CI,1.77-14.34) in overweight and obese girls, respectively.
An association exists between obesity in childhood and adolescence and high myopia. Being overweight in girls was also found to be associated with high myopia. Thus, efforts to maintain a healthy weight during childhood and adolescence are of great importance.
韩国儿童和青少年中肥胖症和近视的患病率都在上升。本研究的目的是探讨肥胖对韩国儿童和青少年近视患病率的影响。
本研究使用了具有全国代表性的横断面调查数据，即2016年至2018年进行的韩国国家健康与营养检查调查（KNHANES）VII。在参与KNHANES VII并接受调查眼科检查的1237名5-18岁儿童和青少年中，选择1114名进行审查，排除那些屈光不正、近视家族史或腰围数据缺失的人。体重指数（BMI）分为四组：体重过轻（<第5百分位数）、正常体重（≥第5百分位数，<第85百分位数）、超重（≥第85百分位数，<第95百分位数）和肥胖（≥第95百分位数）。近视由屈光不正水平≤-0.5屈光度（D）定义，并分为轻度（≤-0.5 D，>-3.0 D）、中度（≤-3.0 D，>-6.0 D）或高度（≤-6.0 D）近视。使用复杂样本逻辑回归分析BMI与近视之间的关系。校正年龄和家族史后分析优势比。
与体重正常者（对照组）相比，体重过轻、超重或肥胖者发生轻度和中度近视的几率无显著差异。相反，与对照组相比，体重过轻、超重和肥胖组发生高度近视的优势比分别为0.77（95%CI，0.22-2.65）、1.37（95%CI，0.51-3.66）和3.77（95%CI，1.98-7.16）。此外，在按性别和BMI进行的单独分析中，肥胖男孩发生高度近视的优势比为2.84（95%CI，1.10-7.35），超重和肥胖女孩分别为4.23（95%CI，1.19-15.09）和5.04（95%CI，1.77-14.34）。
儿童和青少年肥胖与高度近视之间存在关联。还发现女孩超重与高度近视有关。因此，在儿童和青少年时期努力保持健康体重非常重要。
