Greenleaf J E, Bulbulian R, Bernauer E M, Haskell W L, Moore T
National Aeronautics and Space Administration Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California, 94035.
J Appl Physiol (1985). 1989 Dec;67(6):2191-204. doi: 10.1152/jappl.1989.67.6.2191.
The question of the composition of exercise protocols for use by astronauts in microgravity is unresolved. Based on our knowledge of physical working requirements for astronauts during intra- and extravehicular activity and on the findings from bed-rest studies that utilized exercise training as a countermeasure for the reduction of aerobic power, deterioration of muscular strength and endurance, decrements in mood and cognitive performance, and possibly for bone loss, two exercise protocols are proposed. One assumes that, during microgravity, astronaut exercise physiological functions should be maintained at 100% of ground-based levels; the other assumes that maximal aerobic power in flight can be reduced by 10% of the ground-based level. A recommended prescription for in-flight prevention or partial suppression of calcium (bone) loss cannot be written until further research findings are obtained that elucidate the site, the magnitude, and the mechanism of the changes. Hopefully these proposed exercise prescriptions will stimulate further research and discussion resulting in even more efficient protocols that will help ensure the optimal health and well-being of our astronauts.
宇航员在微重力环境下使用的运动方案的构成问题尚未解决。基于我们对宇航员在舱内和舱外活动期间身体工作要求的了解，以及卧床研究的结果（这些研究将运动训练作为应对有氧能力下降、肌肉力量和耐力衰退、情绪和认知能力下降以及可能的骨质流失的对策），提出了两种运动方案。一种方案假设，在微重力环境下，宇航员的运动生理功能应维持在地面水平的100%；另一种方案假设飞行中的最大有氧能力可降低至地面水平的90%。在获得进一步的研究结果以阐明变化的部位、程度和机制之前，无法开出预防或部分抑制飞行中钙（骨骼）流失的推荐处方。希望这些提出的运动处方将激发进一步的研究和讨论，从而产生更有效的方案，有助于确保我们宇航员的最佳健康和福祉。
