Wu Sam S X, Peiffer Jeremiah J, Peeling Peter, Brisswalter Jeanick, Lau Wing Y, Nosaka Kazunori, Abbiss Chris R
Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2016 Nov;11(8):1024-1028. doi: 10.1123/ijspp.2015-0580. Epub 2016 Aug 24.
To investigate the effect of 3 swim-pacing profiles on subsequent performance during a sprint-distance triathlon (SDT).
Nine competitive/trained male triathletes completed 5 experimental sessions including a graded running exhaustion test, a 750-m swim time trial (STT), and 3 SDTs. The swim times of the 3 SDTs were matched, but pacing was manipulated to induce positive (ie, speed gradually decreasing from 92% to 73% STT), negative (ie, speed gradually increasing from 73% to 92% STT), or even pacing (constant 82.5% STT). The remaining disciplines were completed at a self-selected maximal pace. Speed over the entire triathlon, power output during the cycle discipline, rating of perceived exertion (RPE) for each discipline, and heart rate during the cycle and run were determined.
Faster cycle and overall triathlon times were achieved with positive swim pacing (30.5 ± 1.8 and 65.9 ± 4.0 min, respectively), as compared with the even (31.4 ± 1.0 min, P = .018 and 67.7 ± 3.9 min, P = .034, effect size [ES] = 0.46, respectively) and negative (31.8 ± 1.6 min, P = .011 and 67.3 ± 3.7 min, P = .041, ES = 0.36, respectively) pacing. Positive swim pacing elicited a lower RPE (9 ± 2) than negative swim pacing (11 ± 2, P = .014). No differences were observed in the other measured variables.
A positive swim pacing may improve overall SDT performance and should be considered by both elite and age-group athletes during racing.
研究三种游泳配速模式对短距离铁人三项赛（SDT）后续成绩的影响。
九名竞技/训练有素的男性铁人三项运动员完成了5次实验环节，包括分级跑步耐力测试、750米游泳计时赛（STT）以及3次SDT。三次SDT的游泳时间相同，但通过调整配速来实现正向（即速度从STT的92%逐渐降至73%）、负向（即速度从STT的73%逐渐增至92%）或均匀配速（恒定为STT的82.5%）。其余项目以自行选择的最大配速完成。测定了整个铁人三项赛的速度、自行车项目的功率输出、各项目的主观用力程度分级（RPE）以及自行车和跑步过程中的心率。
与均匀配速（分别为31.4±1.0分钟，P = 0.018；67.7±3.9分钟，P = 0.034，效应量[ES]=0.46）和负向配速（分别为31.8±1.6分钟，P = 0.011；67.3±3.7分钟，P = 0.041，ES = 0.36）相比，正向游泳配速的自行车和总体铁人三项赛时间更快。正向游泳配速引起的RPE（9±2）低于负向游泳配速（11±2，P = 0.014）。在其他测量变量中未观察到差异。
正向游泳配速可能会提高整体SDT成绩，精英运动员和年龄组运动员在比赛中都应予以考虑。
