Cruickshank J M, Neil-Dwyer G, Dorrance D E, Hayes Y, Patel S
Imperial Chemical Industries plc, ICI Pharmaceuticals, Macclesfield, Cheshire, UK.
J Hum Hypertens. 1989 Dec;3(6):443-9.
Chronic smoking, particularly in hypertensives, is associated with an increased frequency of cerebral infarction and subarachnoid haemorrhage; cerebral blood flow (CBF) is also decreased in chronic smokers. The acute effects of smoking upon CBF are less clear. The present study in six volunteers investigated the immediate effects of smoking (and inhaling) three cigarettes, each separated by a 2 hr gap, upon heart rate, blood pressure (BP) and CBF assessed by xenon inhalation and flow velocities in the middle cerebral artery by transcranial Doppler ultrasound. Smoking caused significant increases in heart rate, BP and middle cerebral artery flow velocities, and a significant fall in CBF (individual falls in hemispherical flow could be as great as 40%). These haemodynamic effects are probably caused by nicotine-induced changes in catecholamine release. The possible clinical significance of the BP and CBF changes induced by acute smoking in high-risk groups is discussed.
长期吸烟，尤其是高血压患者吸烟，与脑梗死和蛛网膜下腔出血的发生频率增加有关；长期吸烟者的脑血流量（CBF）也会减少。吸烟对脑血流量的急性影响尚不清楚。本研究对6名志愿者进行了调查，研究了间隔2小时分三次吸（和吸入）香烟对心率、血压（BP）以及通过氙吸入法评估的脑血流量和经颅多普勒超声测量的大脑中动脉血流速度的即时影响。吸烟导致心率、血压和大脑中动脉血流速度显著增加，并导致脑血流量显著下降（半球血流量的个体下降幅度可达40%）。这些血流动力学效应可能是由尼古丁引起儿茶酚胺释放的变化所致。本文讨论了急性吸烟在高危人群中引起的血压和脑血流量变化可能具有的临床意义。
