1 Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ, USA.
2 Central Connecticut State University, New Britain, USA.
J Interpers Violence. 2018 Oct;33(20):3186-3210. doi: 10.1177/0886260516635318. Epub 2016 Feb 24.
The current study examined observer's attributions about the victim and perpetrator of an alleged acquaintance rape. Participants included 504 college students from a public university in the northeastern United States who read a brief crime report and completed a series of questionnaires for course credit. While men tended to attribute more blame to the victim than women, gender ideology emerged as a stronger predictor of rape attributions, and some types of sexist beliefs were associated with greater victim blaming and others with less victim blaming. Endorsement of hostile sexism, rape myths, and heterosexual intimacy was generally associated with the attribution of greater victim culpability, as well as less perpetrator culpability, perpetrator criminality, and victim credibility. However, complementary gender differentiation was associated with greater perpetrator culpability and criminality, while protective paternalism was associated with greater victim credibility. Observers attributed lower victim culpability and greater perpetrator criminality when the victim's drink was spiked, and attributed greater perpetrator culpability when the victim verbally resisted the perpetrator's advances. Given the implications that observer attitudes can have on professional and personal support for survivors, as well as juror decision making, the ongoing examination of the complex interplay between the person and situational factors affecting attributions of rape is essential. Sexual assault prevention programs may also benefit from a psychoeducational component that targets reducing traditional gender ideology.
本研究考察了观察者对涉嫌熟人强奸案的受害者和加害者的归因。参与者包括来自美国东北部一所公立大学的 504 名大学生，他们阅读了一份简短的犯罪报告，并完成了一系列问卷调查以获得课程学分。虽然男性往往比女性更倾向于将更多的责任归咎于受害者，但性别意识形态成为强奸归因的更强预测因素，一些类型的性别歧视信念与更大的受害者指责有关，而另一些则与较少的受害者指责有关。敌视性别歧视、强奸神话和异性亲密关系的认可通常与更大的受害者罪责、更少的加害者罪责、加害者犯罪和受害者可信度有关。然而，互补的性别差异与更大的加害者罪责和犯罪有关，而保护性家长制与更大的受害者可信度有关。当受害者的饮料被下药时，观察者会将较低的受害者罪责和更大的加害者犯罪归因于受害者，而当受害者口头抵抗加害者的侵犯时，观察者会将更大的加害者罪责归因于受害者。鉴于观察者的态度可能对幸存者的专业和个人支持以及陪审员的决策产生影响，持续研究影响强奸归因的个人和情境因素之间的复杂相互作用至关重要。性侵犯预防计划也可能受益于一个心理教育组成部分，旨在减少传统的性别意识形态。
