Department of Psychology, Bournemouth University, Talbot Campus, Fern Barrow, Poole, Dorset, Bournemouth, BH12 5BB, UK.
Department of Psychology, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK.
Arch Sex Behav. 2021 Jan;50(1):247-262. doi: 10.1007/s10508-020-01772-1. Epub 2020 Jul 8.
While the lack of consent is the only determining factor in considering whether a situation is rape or not, there is sufficient evidence that participants conflate wantedness with consent and pleasurableness with wantedness. Understanding how people appraise sexual scenarios may form the basis to develop appropriate educational packages. We conducted two large-scale qualitative studies in two UK universities in which participants read vignettes describing sexual encounters that were consensual or not, wanted or unwanted and pleasurable or not pleasurable. Participants provided free-text responses as to whether they perceived the scenarios to be rape or not and why they made these judgments. The second study replicated the results of the first and included a condition where participants imagined themselves as either the subject or initiator of the sexual encounter. The results indicate that a significant portion of our participants held attitudes reflecting rape myths and tended to blame the victim. Participants used distancing language when imagining themselves in the initiator condition. Participants indicated that they felt there were degrees of how much a scenario reflected rape rather than it simply being a dichotomy (rape or not). Such results indicate a lack of understanding of consent and rape and highlight avenues of potential educational materials for schools, universities or jurors.
虽然缺乏同意是唯一决定是否构成强奸的因素，但有充分的证据表明，参与者将意愿与同意、愉悦与意愿混淆在一起。了解人们如何评估性场景可能是制定适当教育方案的基础。我们在英国的两所大学进行了两项大规模的定性研究，参与者阅读了描述性接触的情景描述，这些情景是双方同意的还是不同意的、是自愿的还是非自愿的、是愉悦的还是不愉悦的。参与者就他们是否认为这些场景是强奸以及他们做出这些判断的原因提供了自由文本的回答。第二项研究复制了第一项研究的结果，并增加了参与者将自己想象为性接触的主体或发起者的条件。结果表明，我们的一部分参与者持有反映强奸神话的态度，往往会指责受害者。参与者在想象自己处于发起者的情况下使用了疏远的语言。参与者表示，他们认为有些场景反映了强奸的程度，而不是简单地分为强奸或非强奸（是或否）。这些结果表明，人们对同意和强奸缺乏理解，并突出了学校、大学或陪审员潜在教育材料的途径。
