Applegate E
Nutrition Department, University of California, Davis 95616.
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1989 Oct;21(5 Suppl):S205-8.
Proper nutrition during ultraendurance races is critical for the maintenance of energy balance and a state of euhydration. Nutritional concerns can be divided into two major areas: nutrition during training and nutrition in preparation and during competition. Energy intakes of ultraendurance triathletes during training may vary widely, depending upon duration, intensity, and type of exercise training. Inadequate caloric intake can lead to chronic fatigue, weight loss, and impaired physical performance. Additionally, carbohydrate content of the diet can greatly influence feelings of fatigue. It is not known whether inadequate carbohydrate following exercise limits subsequent training efforts on the same day for triathletes. Inadequate micronutrient intake of vitamins and minerals can also impair physical performance. Nutrition during the 4 h before competition can significantly affect performance, as can carbohydrate feedings during an ultraendurance race. Further research is needed to determine appropriate feeding schedules during ultraendurance events.
在超长耐力比赛期间，合理营养对于维持能量平衡和水合良好状态至关重要。营养问题可分为两个主要方面：训练期间的营养以及备赛和比赛期间的营养。超长耐力铁人三项运动员在训练期间的能量摄入可能差异很大，这取决于训练的持续时间、强度和类型。热量摄入不足会导致慢性疲劳、体重减轻和身体表现受损。此外，饮食中的碳水化合物含量会极大地影响疲劳感。对于铁人三项运动员而言，尚不清楚运动后碳水化合物摄入不足是否会限制同一天后续的训练效果。维生素和矿物质等微量营养素摄入不足也会损害身体表现。比赛前4小时的营养状况会显著影响比赛表现，超长耐力比赛期间的碳水化合物摄入同样如此。需要进一步研究以确定超长耐力赛事期间的合适进食时间表。
