Goodman Fallon R, Disabato David J, Kashdan Todd B, Machell Kyla A
George Mason University.
J Pers. 2017 Jun;85(3):423-434. doi: 10.1111/jopy.12250. Epub 2016 Mar 30.
We examined how personality strengths prospectively predict reactions to negative life events. Participants were 797 community adults from 42 countries. At five points over the course of 1 year, participants completed a series of questionnaires measuring seven personality strengths (hope, grit, meaning in life, curiosity, gratitude, control beliefs, and use of strengths), subjective well-being, and frequency and severity of negative life events. Using hierarchical linear modeling with assessment periods nested within participants, results from lagged analyses found that only hope emerged as a resilience factor. To illustrate the importance of using appropriate lagged analyses in resilience research, we ran nonlagged analyses; these results suggest that all seven personality strengths moderated the effect of negative life events on subjective well-being, with greater strengths associated with healthier outcomes. To provide evidence that personality strengths confer resilience, a prospective examination is needed with the inclusion of events and responses to them. The use of concurrent methodologies and analyses, which is the norm in psychology, often leads to erroneous conclusions. Hope, the ability to generate routes to reach goals and the motivation to use those routes, was shown to be particularly important in promoting resilience.
我们研究了人格优势如何前瞻性地预测对负面生活事件的反应。参与者是来自42个国家的797名社区成年人。在1年的时间里，参与者在五个时间点完成了一系列问卷，测量七种人格优势（希望、毅力、生活意义、好奇心、感恩、控制信念和优势的运用）、主观幸福感以及负面生活事件的频率和严重程度。使用将评估期嵌套在参与者内的分层线性模型，滞后分析的结果发现只有希望成为一种复原力因素。为了说明在复原力研究中使用适当的滞后分析的重要性，我们进行了非滞后分析；这些结果表明，所有七种人格优势都调节了负面生活事件对主观幸福感的影响，优势越大，结果越健康。为了证明人格优势赋予复原力，需要进行前瞻性研究，包括事件及其应对措施。使用心理学中常用的同步方法和分析，往往会得出错误的结论。希望，即产生实现目标途径的能力以及使用这些途径的动力，在促进复原力方面被证明尤为重要。
