Antúnez Juan Manuel, Navarro José Francisco, Adan Ana
Department of Psychobiology, School of Psychology, University of Málaga , Málaga , Spain .
Chronobiol Int. 2015 May;32(4):524-30. doi: 10.3109/07420528.2015.1008700. Epub 2015 Mar 23.
The relationships between circadian typology and several aspects related to mental health, such as satisfaction with life, emotional intelligence, perceived well-being and psychopathological symptomatology have been documented. However, their relationships with two psychological strengths such as resilience and optimism have not been examined yet. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to explore whether circadian typology is related to both measures, taking into consideration the possible influence of sex. A sample of 1922 participants (978 men), aged between 18 and 60 yrs (30.08 ± 10.53) completed the reduced Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (rMEQ), the 10-item Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (10-item CD-RISC) and the Life Orientation Test-Revised (LOT-R). Circadian typology was associated with different values in resilience (F(2,1915) = 45.89; p < 0.001; Formula: see text= 0.046) and optimism (F(2,1915) = 37.74; p < 0.001; Formula: see text= 0.038), independently of the sex. Morning-type subjects showed the highest resilience and optimism scores while the lowest scores were shown by evening-type, exhibiting the neither-type subjects intermediate scores (p < 0.007, in all cases). These results suggest that evening-type subjects could display less capacity to face adversity and adapt positively, as well as less expectance of the occurrence of positive events compared to neither and morning-type individuals. In addition, these results provide new evidence that might improve our understanding about the relationships between circadian typology and psychological traits and disorders. Although future studies with longitudinal designs are needed, the obtained results emphasize that the evening-type could be a risk factor for the development of psychological problems and mental disorders, whereas the morning-type could be considered as a protective factor.
昼夜节律类型与心理健康的几个方面之间的关系，如生活满意度、情商、感知幸福感和精神病理症状学，已有文献记载。然而，它们与复原力和乐观主义这两种心理优势之间的关系尚未得到研究。因此，本研究的目的是探讨昼夜节律类型是否与这两种测量指标相关，并考虑性别的可能影响。1922名参与者（978名男性），年龄在18至60岁之间（30.08±10.53），完成了简化的晨型-夜型问卷（rMEQ）、10项Connor-Davidson复原力量表（10项CD-RISC）和生活取向测试修订版（LOT-R）。昼夜节律类型与复原力（F(2,1915)=45.89；p<0.001；公式：见正文=0.046）和乐观主义（F(2,1915)=37.74；p<0.001；公式：见正文=0.038）的不同值相关，与性别无关。晨型受试者的复原力和乐观主义得分最高，而夜型受试者得分最低，中间型受试者得分居中（在所有情况下，p<0.007）。这些结果表明，与中间型和晨型个体相比，夜型个体面对逆境和积极适应的能力可能较低，对积极事件发生的期望也较低。此外，这些结果提供了新的证据，可能有助于我们更好地理解昼夜节律类型与心理特质和障碍之间的关系。尽管需要进行纵向设计的未来研究，但所得结果强调，夜型可能是心理问题和精神障碍发展的危险因素，而晨型可被视为保护因素。
