Sheldon Kennon M, Jose Paul E, Kashdan Todd B, Jarden Aaron
University of Missouri, Columbia, USA
Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand.
Pers Soc Psychol Bull. 2015 Apr;41(4):575-85. doi: 10.1177/0146167215573211. Epub 2015 Feb 24.
In a three-wave, year-long, large-sample dataset (N = 755), 10 candidate "personality strengths" (Grit, Gratitude, Curiosity, Savoring, Control Beliefs, Meaning in Life-Presence, Strengths Use, and Engagement, Pleasure, and Meaning-Based Orientations Toward Happiness) were compared as predictors of 6-month increases in goal attainment, and as moderators of goal attainment effects upon boosted subjective well-being (SWB). Seeking internal replication, we tested our models twice, both during T1-T2 and during T2-T3. We also examined whether any Personality × Attainment moderator effects upon change in SWB at T2 still persisted at T3. Grit was the only candidate strength that predicted increased goal attainment from T1 to T2 and from T2 to T3, and Curiosity was the only candidate strength that moderated attainment effects on well-being from T1 to T2 and from T2 to T3. T2 Goal attainment effects on SWB were best sustained at T3 when Meaning Orientation increased from T1 to T2. Implications for identifying keystone constructs in personality (and positive) psychology are discussed.
在一个为期一年、包含三个时间点的大样本数据集（N = 755）中，对10个候选“人格优势”（坚毅、感恩、好奇心、品味、控制信念、生活意义 - 在场、优势运用以及基于参与、愉悦和意义的幸福取向）进行了比较，以评估它们作为目标达成6个月增长的预测因素，以及目标达成对提升主观幸福感（SWB）影响的调节因素。为寻求内部重复验证，我们在T1 - T2和T2 - T3期间对模型进行了两次测试。我们还考察了在T2时人格×成就对SWB变化的调节效应在T3时是否仍然存在。坚毅是唯一预测从T1到T2以及从T2到T3目标达成增加的候选优势，好奇心是唯一调节从T1到T2以及从T2到T3成就对幸福感影响的候选优势。当意义取向从T1到T2增加时，T2时目标达成对SWB的影响在T3时得到最佳维持。本文讨论了在人格（和积极）心理学中识别关键构念的意义。
