Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, United States.
Wyss Institute for Bioinspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States; School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States.
Adv Immunol. 2016;130:191-249. doi: 10.1016/bs.ai.2015.12.001. Epub 2016 Jan 19.
Therapeutic cancer vaccines aim to induce durable antitumor immunity that is capable of systemic protection against tumor recurrence or metastatic disease. Many approaches to therapeutic cancer vaccines have been explored, with varying levels of success. However, with the exception of Sipuleucel T, an ex vivo dendritic cell vaccine for prostate cancer, no therapeutic cancer vaccine has yet shown clinical efficacy in phase 3 randomized trials. Though disappointing, lessons learned from these studies have suggested new strategies to improve cancer vaccines. The clinical success of checkpoint blockade has underscored the role of peripheral tolerance mechanisms in limiting vaccine responses and highlighted the potential for combination therapies. Recent advances in transcriptome sequencing, computational modeling, and material engineering further suggest new opportunities to intensify cancer vaccines. This review will discuss the major approaches to therapeutic cancer vaccination and explore recent advances that inform the design of the next generation of cancer vaccines.
治疗性癌症疫苗旨在诱导持久的抗肿瘤免疫，能够对肿瘤复发或转移疾病进行全身保护。已经探索了许多治疗性癌症疫苗的方法，取得了不同程度的成功。然而，除了前列腺癌的体外树突状细胞疫苗 Sipuleucel T 之外，没有一种治疗性癌症疫苗在 3 期随机试验中显示出临床疗效。尽管令人失望，但从这些研究中吸取的经验教训表明，需要新的策略来改进癌症疫苗。检查点阻断的临床成功突显了外周耐受机制在限制疫苗反应中的作用，并强调了联合治疗的潜力。转录组测序、计算建模和材料工程方面的最新进展进一步表明，有机会加强癌症疫苗。本文将讨论治疗性癌症疫苗接种的主要方法，并探讨为设计下一代癌症疫苗提供信息的最新进展。
