Ye Zhen, Zhu Gengping, Damgaard Jakob, Chen Xin, Chen Pingping, Bu Wenjun
College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, China.
Institute of Entomology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, China.
Sci Rep. 2016 Feb 29;6:21932. doi: 10.1038/srep21932.
Subtropical China is a centre of speciation and well known for its high biological diversity and endemism. To understand the impact of historical, geographical and ecological factors on the intraspecific lineage divergence of invertebrates, we examined these processes in a semiaquatic bug, Microvelia horvathi (Hemiptera: Veliidae). Three hypotheses were developed using ecological niche models (ENM). We tested these hypotheses using mitochondrial (COI + COII) and nuclear data (ITS1 + 5.8S + ITS2). The phylogenic analysis revealed a shallow divergence in mitochondrial data. Clade I was mostly confined to the northern region and clade II was nearly restricted to the southern region. The historical process of Pleistocene climatic fluctuations during the LGM promoted divergence, along with such geographical barriers as the Wuyi, Nanling and Xuefeng mountains and ecological factors of temperature and vegetation type, contributed to these shallow genetic divergences and helped maintain them. The north-south population differentiation probably occurred during the transition from LIG to LGM, with post-LGM population expansion. The results of genetic data were mostly consistent with the spatial predictions from ENM. Our study emphasizes the multiple effects influencing genetic population differentiation, and also contributes to our knowledge of the phylogeography of other aquatic organisms in subtropical China.
中国亚热带地区是物种形成的中心，以其高度的生物多样性和特有性而闻名。为了了解历史、地理和生态因素对无脊椎动物种内谱系分化的影响，我们以一种半水生蝽类昆虫霍氏微黾蝽（半翅目：黾蝽科）为研究对象，对这些过程进行了研究。我们利用生态位模型（ENM）提出了三个假设。我们使用线粒体数据（COI + COII）和核数据（ITS1 + 5.8S + ITS2）对这些假设进行了检验。系统发育分析显示线粒体数据存在轻微分化。分支I主要局限于北部地区，分支II几乎局限于南部地区。末次盛冰期（LGM）期间更新世气候波动的历史过程促进了分化，同时，诸如武夷山、南岭和雪峰山等地理屏障以及温度和植被类型等生态因素导致了这些轻微的遗传分化，并有助于维持这种分化。南北种群分化可能发生在间冰期向末次盛冰期的过渡期间，并在末次盛冰期后种群扩张。遗传数据的结果大多与生态位模型的空间预测一致。我们的研究强调了影响遗传种群分化的多种因素，也有助于我们了解中国亚热带地区其他水生生物的系统地理学。
