Lara Elvira, Koyanagi Ai, Olaya Beatriz, Lobo Antonio, Miret Marta, Tyrovolas Stefanos, Ayuso-Mateos Jose Luis, Haro Josep Maria
Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain.
Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2016 Aug;31(8):858-67. doi: 10.1002/gps.4398. Epub 2016 Feb 28.
Given the limitations of treatments for dementia, the characterisation of the early stages of dementia is crucial for the development of preventive programmes and interventions. We aimed to estimate the prevalence of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and examine its medical and lifestyle correlates in a nationally representative sample of the Spanish population.
A total of 3625 participants (≥50 years of age) were interviewed in a cross-sectional study. MCI was defined as the presence of cognitive concerns, the objective evidence of impairment in one or more cognitive domains, the preservation of independence in functional abilities and no dementia. Participants were also asked to provide sociodemographic, health status and lifestyle information. Logistic regression analyses were performed using the overall sample and by age groups.
The overall prevalence of MCI was 9.6%, with higher rates in older people and women. In the overall model, after adjustment for potential confounders, depression [odds ratio (OR) = 1.79; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.21, 2.66], diabetes (OR = 1.43; 95% CI = 1.05, 1.95), sleep disturbances (OR = 1.66; 95% CI = 1.09, 2.55) and low level of physical activity (OR = 1.71; 95% CI = 1.26, 2.31) were associated with significantly higher odds for MCI. When stratified by age groups, depression (OR = 2.41; 95% CI = 1.35, 4.31), stroke (OR = 3.77; 95% CI = 1.44, 9.83) and obesity (OR = 2.06; 95% CI = 1.20, 3.53) were significantly associated with MCI in middle-aged participants (50-64 years), whereas low level of physical activity (OR = 1.85; 95% CI = 1.32, 2.59) and sleep disturbances (OR = 1.79; 95% CI = 1.05, 3.05) were associated with MCI in individuals aged 65+ years.
Significant associations between MCI and psychological, cardiovascular and lifestyle factors were found. Targeting modifiable risk factors might reduce the risk for MCI and subsequent dementia.
鉴于痴呆症治疗方法存在局限性，痴呆症早期阶段的特征描述对于预防方案和干预措施的制定至关重要。我们旨在估计西班牙全国代表性人群样本中轻度认知障碍（MCI）的患病率，并研究其与医学和生活方式的相关性。
在一项横断面研究中，共对3625名参与者（年龄≥50岁）进行了访谈。MCI被定义为存在认知问题、一个或多个认知领域存在客观损害证据、功能能力保持独立且无痴呆症。参与者还被要求提供社会人口统计学、健康状况和生活方式信息。使用总体样本和按年龄组进行逻辑回归分析。
MCI的总体患病率为9.6%，老年人和女性的患病率更高。在总体模型中，在对潜在混杂因素进行调整后，抑郁症[比值比（OR）=1.79；95%置信区间（CI）=1.21，2.66]、糖尿病（OR = 1.43；95% CI = 1.05，1.95）、睡眠障碍（OR = 1.66；95% CI = 1.09，2.55）和身体活动水平低（OR = 1.71；95% CI = 1.26，2.31）与MCI的显著较高比值相关。按年龄组分层时，抑郁症（OR = 2.41；95% CI = 1.35，4.31）、中风（OR = 3.77；95% CI = 1.44，9.83）和肥胖（OR = 2.06；95% CI = 1.20，3.53）在中年参与者（50 - 64岁）中与MCI显著相关，而身体活动水平低（OR = 1.85；95% CI = 1.32，2.59）和睡眠障碍（OR = 1.79；95% CI = 1.05，3.05）在65岁及以上个体中与MCI相关。
发现MCI与心理、心血管和生活方式因素之间存在显著关联。针对可改变的风险因素可能会降低患MCI及后续痴呆症的风险。
