Simpong David Larbi, Osei George Nkrumah, Mills Richeal Odarko, Anyebem Christopher Amaleyele, Aikins Benjamin Kofi, Melfah Charlotte Gyanwaa, Osei Bridget Amoanimaa, Bockarie Ansumana
Department of Medical Laboratory Science, School of Allied Health Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana.
Department of Biomedical Science, School of Allied Health Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana.
IBRO Neurosci Rep. 2024 Nov 20;17:480-484. doi: 10.1016/j.ibneur.2024.11.008. eCollection 2024 Dec.
The Global prevalence of dementia is projected to rise, particularly in low and middle-income countries like Ghana. Mild cognitive impairment (MCI), an intermediate phase between normal cognitive aging and dementia, is characterized by an objective and subjective decline in cognitive abilities. Individuals with MCI have a greater likelihood of progression to dementia.
There is a paucity of studies focused on assessing the prevalence, risk factors and characteristics of mild cognitive impairment within the Ghanaian population. This study assessed the prevalence of mild cognitive impairment and explored its relationship with various sociodemographic factors.
A prospective cross-sectional analytical study within Cape Coast, Ghana, evaluating the cognition of 100 participants using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) tool. The prevalence of MCI was determined using simple descriptive measures. The two-way ANOVA was used to determine risk factors for developing MCI. The Pearson correlation coefficient was used to determine the relationship between educational level and MoCA score.
A majority (65.4 %) of participants within the age group 40-49 years had mild cognitive impairment. 42.86 % of male and 40.54 % of female participants had MCI (MoCA score < 26). There was a significant correlation (r= 0.608, p= 0.0001) between the educational level of participants and the MoCA score. Participants classified as having MCI based on their MoCA score, performed significantly poorer in visuospatial, attention, language, abstraction and delayed recall domains compared to those with normal cognition.
The MoCA tool is a useful for detecting MCI, particularly among Ghanaians with at least 7 years of formal education. The prevalence of MCI among individuals aged 40-49 years in the Cape Coast Metropolis represents an important health burden.
预计全球痴呆症患病率将会上升，尤其是在加纳等低收入和中等收入国家。轻度认知障碍（MCI）是正常认知衰老与痴呆症之间的中间阶段，其特征是认知能力出现客观和主观下降。患有MCI的个体发展为痴呆症的可能性更大。
针对加纳人群中轻度认知障碍的患病率、风险因素及特征进行评估的研究较少。本研究评估了轻度认知障碍的患病率，并探讨了其与各种社会人口学因素的关系。
在加纳海岸角进行了一项前瞻性横断面分析研究，使用蒙特利尔认知评估（MoCA）工具对100名参与者的认知情况进行评估。采用简单描述性方法确定MCI的患病率。使用双向方差分析确定发生MCI的风险因素。采用Pearson相关系数确定教育水平与MoCA评分之间的关系。
40-49岁年龄组的大多数参与者（65.4%）患有轻度认知障碍。42.86%的男性参与者和40.54%的女性参与者患有MCI（MoCA评分<26）。参与者的教育水平与MoCA评分之间存在显著相关性（r=0.608，p=0.0001）。与认知正常的参与者相比，根据MoCA评分被归类为患有MCI的参与者在视觉空间、注意力、语言、抽象和延迟回忆领域的表现明显较差。
MoCA工具对于检测MCI很有用，尤其是对于至少接受过7年正规教育的加纳人。海岸角大都会40-49岁个体中MCI的患病率是一项重要的健康负担。
