Shimojima Masayuki
Special Pathogens Laboratory, Department of Virology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases.
Uirusu. 2015;65(1):55-60. doi: 10.2222/jsv.65.55.
Ebola virus causes Ebola virus disease (EVD) with high case fatality rates in humans and has caused sporadic outbreaks with less than 500 cases. An EVD outbreak in West Africa, which probably started at the end of 2013, has an unprecedented large-scale with more than 20,000 cases including more than 10,000 death and is still ongoing as of May 2015. National Institute of Infectious Diseases has developed laboratory diagnostic methods of EVD to detect pathogens (genes or protein) and antibodies. The methods have been recently used for suspected cases approximately once a year before the outbreak in West Africa, but after the outbreak for 7 times within this 6 months for suspected cases coming back from 3 countries of West Africa to Japan.
埃博拉病毒可导致人类埃博拉病毒病（EVD），病死率很高，且曾引发过病例数不足500例的散发性疫情。2013年末可能始于西非的一次埃博拉病毒病疫情规模空前，病例数超过2万例，其中死亡超过1万例，截至2015年5月疫情仍在持续。国立感染症研究所已开发出埃博拉病毒病的实验室诊断方法，用于检测病原体（基因或蛋白质）及抗体。在西非疫情爆发前，这些方法每年大约用于检测疑似病例一次，但疫情爆发后，在这6个月内已对从西非3个国家返回日本的疑似病例使用了7次。
