Saito Tomoya, Fukushima Kazuko, Abe Keishi, Ujiie Mugen, Umeki Kazunori, Ootsuka Kenkou, Matsumoto Yasuharu, Nabae Koji, Nakatani Yukiko, Nakajima Kensuke
Department of Health Risk Management, National Institute of Public Health.
Uirusu. 2015;65(1):105-14. doi: 10.2222/jsv.65.105.
Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) is categorized in the Category 1 Infectious Disease under the Act on Infectious Disease Control. Since the Act came into effect in 1999, no confirmed case of viral hemorrhagic fevers (VHF) has been reported, though some clinical samples have been tested for VHF in the National Institute of Infectious Diseases of Japan. Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare has monitored the situation of the EVD outbreak in West Africa since the first report from Guinea in March 2014 and reinforced quarantine and public health preparedness in August. The whole-of-government response was activated at the end of October, establishing the Ministerial meeting on the Response to the EVD presided by the Prime Minister. The responses have raised the level of preparedness for such a rare import disease like VHF; however elicited many lessons. Even if the current VHF outbreak is over, the risk of the global infectious diseases outbreak will be unchanged. The maintenance and improvement of preparedness and response for infectious diseases emergency such as the Category 1 Infectious Disease outbreak by the improvement of manuals and continuous exercises are crucial for a future domestic response. In addition, human resource development is essential for contributing to global response efforts.
埃博拉病毒病（EVD）在《传染病防治法》中被列为一类传染病。自该法于1999年生效以来，日本国立传染病研究所虽对一些临床样本进行了病毒性出血热（VHF）检测，但尚未报告确诊的病毒性出血热病例。自2014年3月几内亚首次报告埃博拉病毒病疫情以来，厚生劳动省一直在监测西非埃博拉病毒病疫情的情况，并于8月加强了检疫和公共卫生防范措施。10月底启动了政府整体应对机制，召开了由首相主持的应对埃博拉病毒病部长级会议。这些应对措施提高了对病毒性出血热这种罕见输入性疾病的防范水平；然而，也吸取了许多教训。即使当前的病毒性出血热疫情结束，全球传染病爆发的风险也不会改变。通过完善手册和持续演练来维持和改进对一类传染病爆发等传染病紧急情况的防范和应对能力，对于未来国内的应对至关重要。此外，人力资源开发对于为全球应对努力做出贡献也至关重要。
