Gupta Ankur, Eral H Burak, Hatton T Alan, Doyle Patrick S
Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands and Utrecht University, The Netherlands.
Soft Matter. 2016 Mar 21;12(11):2826-41. doi: 10.1039/c5sm02958a.
Nanoemulsions are kinetically stable liquid-in-liquid dispersions with droplet sizes on the order of 100 nm. Their small size leads to useful properties such as high surface area per unit volume, robust stability, optically transparent appearance, and tunable rheology. Nanoemulsions are finding application in diverse areas such as drug delivery, food, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and material synthesis. Additionally, they serve as model systems to understand nanoscale colloidal dispersions. High and low energy methods are used to prepare nanoemulsions, including high pressure homogenization, ultrasonication, phase inversion temperature and emulsion inversion point, as well as recently developed approaches such as bubble bursting method. In this review article, we summarize the major methods to prepare nanoemulsions, theories to predict droplet size, physical conditions and chemical additives which affect droplet stability, and recent applications.
纳米乳剂是动力学稳定的液-液分散体，液滴尺寸约为100纳米。它们的小尺寸导致了一些有用的特性，如单位体积的高表面积、强大的稳定性、光学透明外观和可调流变学。纳米乳剂正在药物递送、食品、化妆品、制药和材料合成等不同领域得到应用。此外，它们还作为模型系统来理解纳米级胶体分散体。制备纳米乳剂的方法有高能法和低能法，包括高压均质法、超声法、相转变温度和乳液转相点法，以及最近开发的方法如气泡破裂法。在这篇综述文章中，我们总结了制备纳米乳剂的主要方法、预测液滴尺寸的理论、影响液滴稳定性的物理条件和化学添加剂，以及近期的应用。
