Parikh Shital N, Shrivastava Raman K
Division of Pediatric Orthopedics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Av, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA.
Department of Pediatric Orthopedic Surgery, V Y Hospital, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India.
Indian J Pediatr. 2016 Aug;83(8):844-51. doi: 10.1007/s12098-015-1993-y. Epub 2016 Feb 29.
Knee injuries are common in children and adolescents. Failure to diagnose and treat these injuries in a timely fashion, can lead to potential complications like malunion, growth disturbances, limb length discrepancy, instability of the joint and in long run, early osteoarthritis or loss of physical activity. Frequently, the pediatrician or the primary care physicians are the first health care providers that the child would present to, and hence it is imperative that the presentation of common knee injuries be recognized. Appropriate referral and management of such injuries in children would minimize the likelihood of untoward consequences and optimize long term outcomes. Most preliminary diagnosis can be established based on adequate history and complete physical evaluation of the knee. This information, supplemented by radiographic assessment and if needed, advanced imaging studies like MRI, would help in definitive diagnosis and in formulating treatment plan for these children. The current review would focus on the important characteristics of common knee injuries in children, the recognition of which would help in the initial evaluation of a child.
膝关节损伤在儿童和青少年中很常见。未能及时诊断和治疗这些损伤可能会导致诸如畸形愈合、生长障碍、肢体长度差异、关节不稳定等潜在并发症，从长远来看，还会导致早期骨关节炎或身体活动能力丧失。通常，儿科医生或初级保健医生是儿童首先会就诊的医疗保健提供者，因此必须识别常见膝关节损伤的症状。对儿童此类损伤进行适当的转诊和管理将最大限度地减少不良后果的可能性，并优化长期治疗效果。大多数初步诊断可以基于对膝关节的充分病史和全面体格检查来确立。这些信息，再辅以影像学评估，如有需要，还可进行MRI等高级影像学检查，将有助于明确诊断并为这些儿童制定治疗方案。本综述将重点关注儿童常见膝关节损伤的重要特征，识别这些特征将有助于对儿童进行初步评估。
