儿童和青少年膝关节损伤的流行病学。

The epidemiology of knee injuries in children and adolescents.

机构信息

Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 34, 8036 Graz, Austria.

出版信息

Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 2012 Jun;132(6):773-9. doi: 10.1007/s00402-012-1480-0. Epub 2012 Feb 23.

DOI:10.1007/s00402-012-1480-0

PMID:22358221

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Injuries in childhood and adolescence are frequent and the knee is one of the most common sites of injuries. This study aimed to analyze the epidemiology, gender distribution, age, and circumstances of knee injuries in childhood at a Level I Trauma Center in Austria.

METHODS

All pediatric and adolescent trauma patients who presented in a 2-year period were recorded. Children managed with knee injuries were selected prospectively. Patients were divided into five age groups: infants (younger than 1 year); pre-school aged children (1-6 years); pre-pubertal school-aged children (7-10 years); early adolescent patients (11-14 years); and late adolescent patients (15-18 years). Five diagnosis-related groups were formed: extraarticular soft tissue injuries, intraarticular soft tissue injuries, patella disorders, fractures, and overload injuries.

RESULTS

The study included 23,832 patients up to the age of 18 years, who presented with 1,199 knee injuries. There was a male predominance (m:f = 58,6%:41.4%). Boys had a lower mean age at presentation (11.9 years) as girls (12.3 years). The most common accident sites were outdoors (34.8%) and sports facilities (32.8%). Leading injury mechanisms were falls on level surfaces (58.1%) and traffic accidents (13.4%). The number of knee injuries and its severity increased with age. Knee injuries did not occur in infants. In general, extraarticular soft-tissue injuries were most common and fractures were rare.

CONCLUSION

Knee injuries in children and adolescents are rare and extraarticular soft-tissue injury is the most frequent type of knee trauma. The number of knee injuries and its severity increases with age with a male predominance. Sports facilities and traffic injuries are important scenes of knee trauma. Mechanisms and patterns evaluated in this study can serve as the basis for knee-injury prevention efforts in children and adolescents and may be used for necessary precautions.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE

IV.

摘要

背景

儿童和青少年时期的损伤较为常见，而膝关节是最常见的受伤部位之一。本研究旨在分析奥地利一家一级创伤中心儿童膝关节损伤的流行病学、性别分布、年龄和受伤情况。

方法

记录了在两年期间就诊的所有儿科和青少年创伤患者。前瞻性选择膝关节损伤患儿。患者分为 5 个年龄组：婴儿（<1 岁）；学龄前儿童（1-6 岁）；青春期前学龄儿童（7-10 岁）；早期青少年患者（11-14 岁）；晚期青少年患者（15-18 岁）。形成了 5 个与诊断相关的组别：关节外软组织损伤、关节内软组织损伤、髌骨疾病、骨折和超负荷损伤。

结果

研究纳入了 23832 名 18 岁以下的患者，其中 1199 例膝关节损伤。男性占优势（男：女=58.6%:41.4%）。男孩的就诊年龄（11.9 岁）低于女孩（12.3 岁）。最常见的受伤地点是户外（34.8%）和体育设施（32.8%）。主要损伤机制为在平坦表面跌倒（58.1%）和交通事故（13.4%）。膝关节损伤的数量及其严重程度随年龄增长而增加。膝关节损伤不会发生在婴儿中。总体而言，关节外软组织损伤最常见，骨折罕见。