Morais Daniel, Pylro Victor, Clark Ian M, Hirsch Penny R, Tótola Marcos R
Department of Microbiology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil; AgroEcology Department, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom.
Genomics and Computational Biology Group, René Rachou Research Center (CPqRR-FIOCRUZ) , Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais , Brazil.
PeerJ. 2016 Feb 18;4:e1733. doi: 10.7717/peerj.1733. eCollection 2016.
Brazilian offshore crude oil exploration has increased after the discovery of new reservoirs in the region known as pré-sal, in a depth of 7.000 m under the water surface. Oceanic islands near these areas represent sensitive environments, where changes in microbial communities due oil contamination could stand for the loss of metabolic functions, with catastrophic effects to the soil services provided from these locations. This work aimed to evaluate the effect of petroleum contamination on microbial community shifts (Archaea, Bacteria and Fungi) from Trindade Island coastal soils. Microcosms were assembled and divided in two treatments, control and contaminated (weathered crude oil at the concentration of 30 g kg(-1)), in triplicate. Soils were incubated for 38 days, with CO2 measurements every four hours. After incubation, the total DNA was extracted, purified and submitted for target sequencing of 16S rDNA, for Bacteria and Archaea domains and Fungal ITS1 region, using the Illumina MiSeq platform. Three days after contamination, the CO2 emission rate peaked at more than 20 × the control and the emissions remained higher during the whole incubation period. Microbial alpha-diversity was reduced for contaminated-samples. Fungal relative abundance of contaminated samples was reduced to almost 40% of the total observed species. Taxonomy comparisons showed rise of the Actinobacteria phylum, shifts in several Proteobacteria classes and reduction of the Archaea class Nitrososphaerales. This is the first effort in acquiring knowledge concerning the effect of crude oil contamination in soils of a Brazilian oceanic island. This information is important to guide any future bioremediation strategy that can be required.
在被称为盐下的区域发现新油藏后，巴西近海原油勘探有所增加，该区域位于水面以下7000米深处。这些区域附近的海洋岛屿代表着敏感环境，因油污导致的微生物群落变化可能意味着代谢功能丧失，对这些地方提供的土壤服务产生灾难性影响。这项工作旨在评估石油污染对特林达迪岛沿海土壤中微生物群落（古菌、细菌和真菌）变化的影响。构建了微宇宙并分为两种处理，对照和污染（浓度为30克/千克的风化原油），一式三份。土壤培养38天，每四小时测量一次二氧化碳。培养后，提取、纯化总DNA，并使用Illumina MiSeq平台对细菌和古菌域的16S rDNA以及真菌ITS1区域进行靶向测序。污染三天后，二氧化碳排放率达到峰值，超过对照的20倍，并且在整个培养期间排放量一直较高。污染样本的微生物α多样性降低。污染样本的真菌相对丰度降至观察到的总物种的近40%。分类学比较显示放线菌门增加，几个变形菌纲发生变化，古菌亚硝化球菌纲减少。这是首次努力获取有关巴西海洋岛屿土壤中石油污染影响的知识。这些信息对于指导未来可能需要的任何生物修复策略都很重要。
