Department of Chemical Engineering, Bogazici University , Istanbul , Turkey.
Front Bioeng Biotechnol. 2016 Feb 18;4:17. doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2016.00017. eCollection 2016.
Cells respond to environmental and/or genetic perturbations in order to survive and proliferate. Characterization of the changes after various stimuli at different -omics levels is crucial to comprehend the adaptation of cells to the changing conditions. Genome-wide quantification and analysis of transcript levels, the genes affected by perturbations, extends our understanding of cellular metabolism by pointing out the mechanisms that play role in sensing the stress caused by those perturbations and related signaling pathways, and in this way guides us to achieve endeavors, such as rational engineering of cells or interpretation of disease mechanisms. Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a model system has been studied in response to different perturbations and corresponding transcriptional profiles were followed either statically or/and dynamically, short and long term. This review focuses on response of yeast cells to diverse stress inducing perturbations, including nutritional changes, ionic stress, salt stress, oxidative stress, osmotic shock, and to genetic interventions such as deletion and overexpression of genes. It is aimed to conclude on common regulatory phenomena that allow yeast to organize its transcriptomic response after any perturbation under different external conditions.
细胞为了生存和增殖会对环境和/或遗传干扰做出响应。在不同层面的组学上，对各种刺激后的变化进行特征描述，对于理解细胞对变化条件的适应至关重要。对转录水平的全基因组定量和分析，即受干扰影响的基因，可以通过指出在感知由这些干扰引起的应激和相关信号通路中起作用的机制，来扩展我们对细胞代谢的理解，从而指导我们实现诸如细胞的合理工程或疾病机制的解释等努力。酿酒酵母作为一种模型系统，已经针对不同的干扰进行了研究，并且无论是静态还是/和动态地、短期还是长期地跟踪了相应的转录谱。本综述重点关注酵母细胞对各种应激诱导干扰的响应，包括营养变化、离子应激、盐胁迫、氧化应激、渗透压冲击，以及基因缺失和过表达等遗传干预。其目的是在不同的外部条件下，对任何干扰后允许酵母组织其转录组响应的常见调控现象进行总结。
