DiGirolamo Gregory J, Patel Neha, Blaukopf Clare L
Department of Psychology, College of the Holy Cross, 1 College Street, Worcester, MA, 01610, USA.
Exp Brain Res. 2016 Jul;234(7):1967-1976. doi: 10.1007/s00221-016-4599-3. Epub 2016 Feb 29.
Attention plays a critical role in action selection. However, the role of attention in eye movements is complicated as these movements can be either voluntary or involuntary, with, in some circumstances (antisaccades), these two actions competing with each other for execution. But attending to the location of an impending eye movement is only one facet of attention that may play a role in eye movement selection. In two experiments, we investigated the effect of arousal on voluntary eye movements (antisaccades) and involuntary eye movements (prosaccadic errors) in an antisaccade task. Arousal, as caused by brief loud sounds and indexed by changes in pupil diameter, had a facilitation effect on involuntary eye movements. Involuntary eye movements were both significantly more likely to be executed and significantly faster under arousal conditions (Experiments 1 and 2), and the influence of arousal had a specific time course (Experiment 2). Arousal, one form of attention, can produce significant costs for human movement selection as potent but unplanned actions are benefited more than planned ones.
注意力在动作选择中起着关键作用。然而，注意力在眼球运动中的作用较为复杂，因为这些运动既可以是自主的，也可以是非自主的，在某些情况下（如反扫视），这两种动作会相互竞争以执行。但是，关注即将发生的眼球运动的位置只是注意力可能在眼球运动选择中发挥作用的一个方面。在两项实验中，我们研究了唤醒对反扫视任务中自主眼球运动（反扫视）和非自主眼球运动（顺向扫视错误）的影响。由短暂的响亮声音引起并通过瞳孔直径变化来衡量的唤醒，对非自主眼球运动有促进作用。在唤醒条件下，非自主眼球运动执行的可能性显著更高且速度显著更快（实验1和实验2），并且唤醒的影响具有特定的时间进程（实验2）。作为注意力的一种形式，唤醒会给人类运动选择带来显著代价，因为有力但未经计划的动作比有计划的动作受益更多。
