Dennerlein Kathrin, Kiesewetter Franklin, Kilo Sonja, Jäger Thomas, Göen Thomas, Korinth Gintautas, Drexler Hans
Institute and Out-Patient Clinic of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Schillerstrasse 25/29, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen, Ulmenweg 18, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
Toxicol Lett. 2016 Apr 25;248:25-33. doi: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2016.02.015. Epub 2016 Feb 27.
The wide industrial use of hydrofluoric acid (HF) poses a high risk for accidental dermal exposure. Despite local and systemic hazards associated with HF, information on percutaneous penetration and tissue damage is rare. In the present ex vivo study, the dermal absorption of HF (detected in terms of fluoride ions) was quantified and the skin damaging potential as a function of concentration and exposure duration was assessed. Percutaneous penetration of HF (c=5, 30, and 50%) at 3 exposure durations (3, 5, and 10 min) was investigated in a static diffusion cell model using freshly excised human skin. Alterations of skin were histologically evaluated. HF rapidly penetrated through skin under formation of a considerable intradermal reservoir (∼ 13-67% of total absorbed fluoride). Histologically, epidermal alterations were detected already after exposure to 5% HF for 3 min. The degree of skin damage increased with rising concentration and exposure duration leading to coagulation necrosis. For HF concentrations of ≥ 30%, skin damage progressed into deeper skin layers. Topically applied HF concentration was the principal parameter determining HF induced skin effects. The intradermal HF retention capacity associated with progression and prolongation of HF induced skin effects must be considered in the review of skin decontamination procedures.
氢氟酸（HF）在工业上的广泛应用带来了皮肤意外接触的高风险。尽管HF存在局部和全身危害，但关于其经皮渗透和组织损伤的信息却很少。在本体外研究中，对HF的皮肤吸收（以氟离子检测）进行了定量，并评估了其作为浓度和暴露时间函数的皮肤损伤潜力。在静态扩散池模型中，使用新鲜切除的人体皮肤，研究了3种暴露时间（3、5和10分钟）下HF（浓度分别为5%、30%和50%）的经皮渗透情况。对皮肤变化进行了组织学评估。HF迅速穿透皮肤，形成大量皮内储库（约占总吸收氟的13%-67%）。组织学上，暴露于5%HF 3分钟后就检测到了表皮变化。皮肤损伤程度随浓度和暴露时间的增加而增加，导致凝固性坏死。对于≥30%的HF浓度，皮肤损伤会发展到更深的皮肤层。局部应用的HF浓度是决定HF诱导皮肤效应的主要参数。在审查皮肤去污程序时，必须考虑与HF诱导皮肤效应的进展和延长相关的皮内HF保留能力。
