van Straalen N M, Denneman C A
Department of Ecology and Ecotoxicology, Free University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 1989 Dec;18(3):241-51. doi: 10.1016/0147-6513(89)90018-3.
To implement the Soil Protection Act of 1986, the Dutch Ministry of Housing, Physical Planning, and Environment has recently proposed a list of soil quality reference values. These values are, as yet, insufficiently based on ecotoxicological evidence. In this paper, a three-step procedure of risk assessment for soil contaminants is proposed. Arguing from experimental results concerning no observed effect concentrations for a set of selected soil organisms, the method aims at protecting a certain fraction of soil life, taking factors such as soil organic matter and clay content into account. When applied to cadmium, a concentration protecting 95% of soil invertebrates is estimated as 0.16 micrograms/g for a standard soil. The value of 0.8 micrograms/g, as proposed by the Dutch authorities, may, given the present variation and uncertainty of toxicity data, protect about 85% of the soil invertebrate fauna. It is concluded that even low levels of cadmium in soil may endanger the functioning of some sensitive soil animal species.
为实施1986年的《土壤保护法》，荷兰住房、空间规划与环境部最近提出了一份土壤质量参考值清单。然而，这些值目前在生态毒理学证据方面的依据尚不充分。本文提出了一个针对土壤污染物的三步风险评估程序。该方法从一组选定土壤生物的无观察效应浓度的实验结果出发，旨在保护一定比例的土壤生物，同时考虑土壤有机质和粘土含量等因素。当应用于镉时，对于标准土壤，保护95%土壤无脊椎动物的浓度估计为0.16微克/克。鉴于目前毒性数据的变化和不确定性，荷兰当局提议的0.8微克/克的值可能会保护约85%的土壤无脊椎动物群落。得出的结论是，即使土壤中镉含量较低，也可能危及一些敏感土壤动物物种的功能。
