Bell Raoul, Koranyi Nicolas, Buchner Axel, Rothermund Klaus
a Department of Experimental Psychology , Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf , Düsseldorf , Germany.
b Department of Psychology , Friedrich Schiller University Jena , Jena , Germany.
Cogn Emot. 2017 Jun;31(4):657-670. doi: 10.1080/02699931.2016.1147423. Epub 2016 Mar 2.
Models of reciprocity imply that cheater detection is an important prerequisite for successful social exchange. Considering the fundamental role of memory in reciprocal exchange, these theories lead to the prediction that memory for cheaters should be preferentially enhanced. Here, we examine whether information of a partner's previous behaviour in an interaction is automatically retrieved when encountering the face of a partner who previously cheated or cooperated. In two studies, participants played a sequential prisoner's dilemma game with cheaters and cooperative partners. Alternating with the game blocks, participants were asked to classify the smiling or angry facial expressions of cooperators and cheaters. Both experiments revealed congruence effects, reflecting faster identification of the smiles of cooperators (Experiments 1 and 2) and faster identification of the angry facial expressions of cheaters (Experiment 2). Our study provides evidence for the automatic retrieval of the partner's behaviour in the game, regardless of whether partners cheated or cooperated, and thus provides further evidence against the cheater detection hypothesis.
互惠模型表明，骗子检测是成功的社会交换的重要前提。考虑到记忆在互惠交换中的基本作用，这些理论预测，对骗子的记忆应该会得到优先增强。在这里，我们研究当遇到之前欺骗或合作过的伙伴的面孔时，伙伴在互动中先前行为的信息是否会自动被检索。在两项研究中，参与者与骗子和合作伙伴进行了顺序囚徒困境游戏。在游戏块之间交替时，参与者被要求对合作者和骗子的微笑或愤怒面部表情进行分类。两项实验都揭示了一致性效应，反映出对合作者微笑的识别更快（实验1和2）以及对骗子愤怒面部表情的识别更快（实验2）。我们的研究为在游戏中自动检索伙伴的行为提供了证据，无论伙伴是欺骗还是合作，从而为反对骗子检测假设提供了进一步的证据。
