Zacchè Martino Maria, Giarenis Ilias
a Department of Urogynaecology , Norfolk & Norwich University Hospital , Norwich , UK.
Expert Opin Investig Drugs. 2016;25(5):531-40. doi: 10.1517/13543784.2016.1161024. Epub 2016 Mar 24.
Urinary tract inflammation is a very common clinical condition. It is caused by several pathogens and antibiotic treatment is the mainstay of therapy. Increasing antimicrobial resistance and high recurrence rates represent a challenge. Consequently, there is an unmet need for new therapeutic options.
The authors discuss the rationale of emerging management strategies and current experimentation. Furthermore, they focus on both acute and recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs) and examine a range of therapeutics, including new antibiotics, vaccines, mannosides, hyaluronic acid, probiotics, immunomodulant agents and novel compounds derived from nanotechnology.
Basic science studies have elucidated the pathogenesis of UTIs and built up the ground for the development of new therapies. Evidence is mainly derived from animal studies on murine models of bacterial cystitis. However, clinical trials are scanty and cannot provide us with robust evidence. Hetereogeneity and virulence of uropathogens pose a threat that scientists and clinicians are struggling to overcome.
尿路感染是一种非常常见的临床病症。它由多种病原体引起，抗生素治疗是主要的治疗方法。日益增加的抗菌药物耐药性和高复发率构成了一项挑战。因此，对新的治疗选择存在未满足的需求。
作者讨论了新兴管理策略的基本原理和当前的实验。此外，他们关注急性和复发性尿路感染，并研究了一系列治疗方法，包括新型抗生素、疫苗、甘露糖苷、透明质酸、益生菌、免疫调节药物以及源自纳米技术的新型化合物。
基础科学研究已经阐明了尿路感染的发病机制，并为新疗法的开发奠定了基础。证据主要来自对细菌性膀胱炎小鼠模型的动物研究。然而，临床试验较少，无法为我们提供有力证据。尿路病原体的异质性和毒力构成了一种威胁，科学家和临床医生正在努力克服这一威胁。
