Squires David, Blumenthal David
The Commonwealth Fund.
Issue Brief (Commonw Fund). 2016 Jan;3:1-11.
Recent research has called attention to an unexpected rise in death rates among middle-aged, white Americans between 1999 and 2014. The full extent of the phenomenon may be underappreciated, however. If one assumes, based on historical trends, that mortality rates should have declined by 1.8 percent per year, then whites in 2014 had higher-than-expected mortality rates from age 19 to age 65. Furthermore, while increased substance abuse and suicides explain the elevated mortality rates for younger adults, middle-aged whites also seem to be experiencing stalled or rising mortality rates for most ailments and diseases. While a national phenomenon, middle-aged whites face much more adverse mortality trends in certain states and regions. The especially broad reach of these negative mortality trends suggests there is an urgent need for further investigation of its causes and potential remedies.
最近的研究已引起人们对1999年至2014年间美国中年白人死亡率意外上升的关注。然而，这一现象的全貌可能并未得到充分认识。如果根据历史趋势假设死亡率每年应下降1.8%，那么2014年19岁至65岁的白人死亡率高于预期。此外，虽然药物滥用和自杀率上升解释了年轻成年人死亡率升高的原因，但中年白人在大多数疾病方面的死亡率似乎也停滞不前或有所上升。尽管这是一个全国性现象，但中年白人在某些州和地区面临着更为不利的死亡率趋势。这些负面死亡率趋势的广泛影响表明，迫切需要进一步调查其原因和可能的补救措施。
