Wiemer Anita, Mölders Christina, Fischer Sebastian, Kawohl Wolfram, Rössler Wulf
Innovation Incubator, Leuphana University Lüneburg, Rotenbleicher Weg 67, 21335, Lüneburg, Germany.
, Hopfenstrasse 21, 20359, Hamburg, Germany.
J Occup Rehabil. 2017 Mar;27(1):59-69. doi: 10.1007/s10926-016-9632-7.
Introduction Work disability causes high costs for economy, organizations, and employees. However, medical rehabilitation does not always enable employees to return to their old jobs. In the present study, we investigated how disease classification and work characteristics interact in predicting the success of medical rehabilitation in terms of one's ability to return to a former job. Methods To this end, we matched 2009 patient data from the German Statutory Pension Insurance agency with job characteristics data from the Occupational Information Network (O*NET) 17.0 database. We used a multilevel approach and a sample of N = 72,029, nested in 194 occupational groups. Results We found that workers are less likely to reenter a former job if mental illnesses coincide with emotionally demanding labor and if musculoskeletal diseases coincide with extreme environmental conditions. We did not find different effects between occupational groups for other types of diseases (circulatory system, neoplasms, injuries, others). Conclusion Thus, the contextual overlap of disease and occupational characteristics notably lowers the chances of a successful return-to-work. These findings should be taken into account by physicians when attempting to set realistic goals for rehabilitation in collaboration with the patient and the funding agency.
引言
工作残疾给经济、组织和员工带来高昂成本。然而，医学康复并不总能使员工重返原工作岗位。在本研究中，我们调查了疾病分类和工作特征如何相互作用，以预测医学康复在员工重返原工作岗位能力方面的成功率。
方法
为此，我们将德国法定养老保险机构的2009年患者数据与职业信息网络（O*NET）17.0数据库中的工作特征数据进行了匹配。我们采用了多层次方法，样本量为N = 72,029，嵌套在194个职业组中。
结果
我们发现，如果精神疾病与情感要求高的工作同时存在，以及肌肉骨骼疾病与极端环境条件同时存在，员工重新回到原工作岗位的可能性较小。对于其他类型的疾病（循环系统疾病、肿瘤、损伤等），我们没有发现职业组之间存在不同的影响。
结论
因此，疾病与职业特征的背景重叠显著降低了成功重返工作岗位的机会。医生在与患者和资助机构合作制定现实的康复目标时，应考虑这些发现。
